Some time in 1987 Richard Eyre, newly appointed Director of the National Theatre, asked me if I’d think about writing a play that would combineTheWindintheWillows with some account of the life of its author Kenneth Grahame. I had one or two similar approaches around that time, including a proposal for a film in which Bob Hoskins was to play Rat and Michael Caine Toad. Kenneth Grahame died in 1932, so this flurry of interest could be put down to money and managements waking up to the fact that, fifty years on, here was a best-seller that was now out of copyright.
Cut to December 1990, a week before the opening of the play I eventually wrote. Passing the British Museum, I ran into Bodley’s Librarian, David Vaisey, who was taking a gloomy breather from some unending committee on the impending transfer to the new British Library. As I told him about rehearsingTheWindintheWillows, he became gloomier still. What I had not known was that Kenneth Grahame’s long love affair with Oxford had led him to bequeath the copyright in the book to the university, and a good little earner it had proved to be. Now the National Theatre’s gain was about to be the Bodleian Library’s loss.
I don’t recall readingTheWindintheWillows as a child, or indeed any of the classics of children’s literature. This was partly the library’s fault. In those days Armley Junior Library at the bottom of Wesley Road in Leeds bound all their volumes in heavy maroon or black, so thatTheAdventuresof MillyMollyMandy were every bit as forbidding asTheAnatomyofMelancholy. DoubtlessTheWindintheWillows was there somewhere, along withWinniethePooh andAlice and all the other books every well-brought-upChildren’sHour-listening child was supposed to read. Actually, I think I do remember looking atAlice and being put off by the Tenniel illustrations. ‘Too old fashioned,’ I thought, ‘looks like a classic,’ and back it went on the shelf.
It was only in the sixties, when I was rather haphazardly reading round the Edwardians with some vague idea of writing a history play, (which eventually turned intoFortyYears On), that I read Kenneth Grahame’sTheGoldenAge andDreamDays. I leftTheWindintheWillows until last because I thought I had read it already – this being virtually the definition of a classic: a book everyone is assumed to have read and often thinks they have done so.
One consideration that had kept me away from the book for so long, gave it a protective coating every bit as off-putting as those black and maroon bindings of my childhood, was that it hadfans. Fans are a feature of a certain kind of book. It’s often a children’s book –WinniethePooh,Alice andTheHobbit are examples – or it is a grown-up children’s book such as those of Wodehouse, E. F. Benson and Conan Doyle. But Jane Austen and Anthony Trollope are nothing if not adult and they have fans too – and fan clubs – so children are not the essence of it.
What is common to all these authors, though, is the capacity to create self-contained worlds; their books constitute systems of literary self-sufficiency in ways that other novels, often more profound, do not. It is a kind of cosiness. Dickens is not cosy; he is always taking his reader back into the real world in a way that Trollope, who is cosy, does not. So it is Trollope who has the fans. In our own day the same distinction could be drawn between the novels of Evelyn Waugh and those of Anthony Powell – Powell with fans, Waugh not. And though exceptions occur to me even as I write – the Brontës? (Fans of the lives more than of the books.) Hardy? (Fans of the scenery) – I have always found fans a great deterrent: ‘It’s just your kind of thing.’ ‘Really? And how would you know?’
Back in 1988, I set to work trying to interweave Grahame’s real and fictional worlds, but I soon ran into difficulties. Grahame’s life had not been a happy one. Born in 1859, he never had (as he put it) ‘a proper equipment of parents’, and was effectively orphaned at the age of five when his mother died of scarlet fever and his drunkard father packed him off to Cookham in Berkshire to live with his grandparents; he never saw his father again. He was sent to St Edward’s School in Oxford, where he did moderately well, and was looking forward to going up to university there when the family – or the ‘grown-ups’, as he thought of them all his life – decided he should go into the City as a clerk (‘a pale-faced quilldriver’) in the Bank of England.
Disappointed though he was (and it was a disappointment that did