| Acknowledgements | 6 |
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| Contents | 8 |
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| About the Author | 10 |
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| 1 Introduction: Strange Bedfellows and the Rise of Modern Money Theory | 11 |
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| 1.1 Introduction | 11 |
| 1.2 Strange Bedfellows | 16 |
| 1.3 What This Book Does | 19 |
| References | 24 |
| 2 MMT Basics and the Sustainability of Money Financed Deficits | 26 |
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| 2.1 What Is Modern Money Theory? | 27 |
| 2.2 Sovereign Money | 29 |
| 2.3 Critics: Friendly and Not | 30 |
| 2.4 Monetary and Fiscal Policy Coordination and Institutional Specificity | 31 |
| 2.5 The Central Role of Credit and the Minsky Mystery | 32 |
| 2.6 MMT’s Proposals for Monetary and Fiscal Policy | 33 |
| 2.7 What Are the Impacts of MMT Macroeconomic Policies? What Are the Limits and Constraints on Them? | 35 |
| 2.8 Hyperinflation | 35 |
| 2.9 The Unsustainability of High Debt Levels | 36 |
| 2.10 Functional Finance and Fine-Tuning Macroeconomic Policy | 39 |
| References | 40 |
| 3 Institutional Specificity and the Limited Policy Relevance of Modern Money Theory | 43 |
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| 3.1 Introduction | 43 |
| 3.2 Sudden Stops and Speculative Exchange Rate Crises | 45 |
| 3.3 Emerging Market Economies: The Extreme Difficulty of Pursuing MMT Policies in a Globally Financially Integrated World | 45 |
| 3.4 Do Flexible Exchange Rates Provide the Solution? | 47 |
| 3.5 Capital Controls | 48 |
| References | 49 |
| 4 The Role of the Dollar as an International Currency and Its Limits in a Multi-Key Currency World | 52 |
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| 4.1 Introduction | 52 |
| 4.2 The “Exorbitant Privilege” | 54 |
| 4.3 How Durable Is the Dollar’s Role? | 57 |
| 4.4 MMT and the Role of the Dollar: The Upshot | 61 |
| References | 62 |
| 5 “America First” Monetary Policy and Its Costs | 64 |
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| 5.1 Introduction | 64 |
| 5.2 Hot Money Floods and Famines: Global Monetary and Financial Instability Emanating from the Federal Reserve and the Role of the Dollar | 65 |
| 5.3 Implications of Fed Spillover Effects for MMT Policy | 67 |
| 5.4 Mitigating Possible Negative Impacts of MMT Macroeconomic Policy | 69 |
| References | 70 |
| 6 The Mystery of the Missing Minsky: Financial Instability as a Constraint on MMT Macroeconomic Policy | 72 |
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| 6.1 Introduction | 72 |
| 6.2 Hyman Minsky and the Financial Instability Hypothesis | 74 |
| 6.3 The Mystery of the Missing Minsky | 78 |
| 6.4 Financial Speculation, Leverage and Asset Booms from Financialized Finance in the Context of MMT Macroeconomic Policy | 80 |
| 6.5 MMT Research on International Shadow Banking | 81 |
| 6.6 Moving Forward | 81 |
| References | 82 |
| 7 An MMT Free Lunch Mirage Can Lead to Perverse Outcomes: Fight Your Friends, Spare Your Enemies | 83 |
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| 7.1 The Necessity of Trade-Offs and National Priority Setting for a Progressive Agenda, Even in an MMT World | 83 |
| 7.2 The MMT Free Lunch Illusion Leads to a Perverse Outcome: Fight Your Friends, Spare Your Enemies | 86 |
| 7.3 MMT Acknowledges the Trade-Offs | 89 |
| References | 92 |
| 8 Conclusion: Contours of a Progressive Macroeconomic Policy | 94 |
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| 8.1 Introduction | 94 |
| 8.2 Summary of Main Conclusions | 95 |
| 8.3 Institutionally Grounded and Empirically Based Progressive Macroeconomic Policy: A Few Examples | 100 |
| 8.4 Confronting Climate Change | 101 |
| 8.5 Final Remarks | 102 |
| References | 102 |
| Index | 104 |