| Foreword | 5 |
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| Preface | 8 |
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| Contents | 11 |
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| List of Figures | 13 |
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| List of Tables | 15 |
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| Introduction—The Variability of Derivatives Trading | 17 |
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| 1 Trading Goals and Objectives | 21 |
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| Basic Probability to Quantify Risk | 23 |
| The Flaws of Implied Volatility (IV) | 26 |
| Articulating Risk with Technical Signals | 28 |
| Probability in an Uncertain World | 32 |
| Bollinger Bands to Create a Probability Matrix | 38 |
| Speculation Versus Hedging | 44 |
| 2 The Role of Fundamentaland Technical Analysis | 50 |
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| Analyzing the Impact of Fundamental Volatility | 51 |
| Calculating Historical Volatility | 54 |
| The Problem with Implied Volatility | 56 |
| Fundamental Volatility Correlated to Stock Price Behavior | 58 |
| The Effect of Fundamental Volatility on Options Risk | 63 |
| The Proximity Factor | 64 |
| 3 Pricing of the Option | 73 |
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| PutCall Parity | 74 |
| Upper and Lower Bounds | 79 |
| Intrinsic Value | 80 |
| Time Value | 82 |
| Extrinsic Value (Volatility) | 84 |
| Estimating Delta | 86 |
| Estimating Gamma | 89 |
| Calculating Relative Option Yield | 91 |
| 4 The Dividend Effect | 97 |
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| Dividends as Fundamental Indicators | 98 |
| Dividends in Option Trading Decision—Total Return | 104 |
| The Lumpy Dividend Effect | 109 |
| Additional Dividend Calculations | 111 |
| 5 Return Calculations | 116 |
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| Breakeven Rate of Return | 117 |
| Basis for Calculation: Stock Price or Premium at Risk | 124 |
| Return on Investment | 126 |
| The Rate of Return Calculation | 128 |
| Return on Covered Calls Trades | 130 |
| Calculating Covered Call Losses | 134 |
| Calculating Adjusted Basis in Stock for Covered Call Trades | 136 |
| Uncovered Option Returns | 136 |
| Annualizing a Stock’s Return | 137 |
| 6 Strategic Payoff: The Single-Option Trade | 141 |
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| The Probability of Option Payoff | 142 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Long Calls and Puts | 144 |
| The Long Call | 147 |
| The Long Put | 150 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Uncovered Calls | 152 |
| ITM Uncovered Calls | 153 |
| OTM Uncovered Calls | 156 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Uncovered Puts | 158 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Covered Calls | 159 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Ratio Writes and the Covered Call | 166 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Covered Put | 171 |
| Recalculation of Net Basis in Rolled Short Options | 174 |
| 7 Strategic Payoff: Spreads | 177 |
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| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Vertical Bull Spreads | 178 |
| Bull Put Credit Spread | 179 |
| Bull Call Debit Spread | 180 |
| Bear Put Debit Spread | 182 |
| Bear Call Credit Spread | 184 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Condors and Butterflies | 187 |
| Condor | 188 |
| Iron Condor | 189 |
| Long Butterfly | 191 |
| Short Butterfly | 194 |
| Iron Butterfly | 196 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Synthetics | 198 |
| Synthetic Long Stock | 199 |
| Synthetic Short Stock | 201 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Horizontal Spreads | 203 |
| Bull Calendar Spreads | 204 |
| Installment Calendar Spreads | 207 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Diagonal Spreads | 210 |
| 8 Strategic Payoff: Straddles | 213 |
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| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Straddles | 215 |
| Long Straddles | 216 |
| Short Straddles | 219 |
| Covered Straddles | 222 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Strangles | 225 |
| Long Strangles | 226 |
| Short Strangles | 228 |
| Long Gut Strangle | 231 |
| Short Gut Strangle | 233 |
| Risk and Payoff Calculations: Strips and Straps | 235 |
| Strip | 236 |
| Strap | 240 |
| Strategic Selection of Strikes | 243 |
| 9 Probability and Risk | 247 |
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| Abnormal Distribution of Options Trading | 248 |
| Managing Abnormal Probability | 251 |
| Aspects of Probability | 253 |
| Human Nature and Risk | 256 |
| Some Risk Theories | 258 |
| The Role of Variance in Risk Perception | 261 |
| Theory of Probability | 263 |
| Interpreting Probability | 266 |
| Random Variables in Options Trading | 267 |
| 10 Option Pricing Models | 271 |
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| The Black-Scholes Pricing Model | 273 |
| Expansion of the Pricing Model | 275 |
| Problems with Black-Scholes Inaccuracy | 278 |
| 11 Alternatives to Pricing Models | 284 |
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| Alternatives to Pricing Models—CAPM | 286 |
| Difficulty of Volatility Forecasting | 290 |
| Components of Basic Options Quantification (Chaps. 1–3) | 294 |
| Applying the Basics to Manage Trades (Chaps. 4 and 5) | 295 |
| Expanding the Basics to Define Profit and Loss Ranges (Chaps. 6–8) | 295 |
| Conclusions of Risk and Pricing Models (Chaps. 9 and 10) | 296 |
| Conclusion | 297 |
| Appendix—Formulas | 300 |
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| Bibliography | 333 |
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| Index | 339 |