| Contents | 8 |
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| 1. Exploring the Entanglements of Chocolate and Blackness | 10 |
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| 1.1 Why Chocolate? | 15 |
| 1.2 Chocolate as a Myth and as a Floating Signifier | 19 |
| 2. Producing a Taste for Chocolate | 26 |
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| 2.1 “ The sweet may be obtained without the bitter”: Cocoa and Colonialism | 31 |
| 2.2 Critical Accounts of Neoslavery | 39 |
| 3. Advertising Chocolate | 46 |
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| 3.1 The Emergence of Mass Advertising | 51 |
| 3.2 From Scientific to Commodity Racism | 55 |
| 3.3 Exoticism, Primitivism, and Blackness | 60 |
| 3.4 The Lactification of Chocolate | or, how Chocolate Became White |
| 3.5 “ Robust Men like Baker’s Cocoa”: White Men’s Appetite for Chocolate | 76 |
| 4. Chocolate and Desire | 86 |
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| 4.1 The Sexualization of Chocolate | 87 |
| 4.2 Chocolate as an “ Afrodiziac”? | 94 |
| 4.3 Desire and Black Popular Culture | 106 |
| 5. The Racialization of Chocolate | 114 |
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| 5.1 Chocolate Colorism | 116 |
| 5.2 “ That Chocolate Colored Gal of Mine”: Sheet Music and Blackface | 124 |
| 5.3 Resignifying Chocolate on Broadway | 135 |
| 5.4 Chocolate Kiddies in “ Kaiserland” | 140 |
| 5.5 “ Chocolate City, are you with me out there?” | 147 |
| 6. Conclusion | 156 |
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| Acknowledgments | 159 |
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| List of Illustrations | 161 |
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| Archives and Collections | 163 |
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| Bibliography | 165 |
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| Index | 182 |