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Waste Energy for Life Cycle Assessment

:	Ayhan Demirbas
:	Waste Energy for Life Cycle Assessment
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783319405513
:	1
:	CHF 74.30
:

:	Wärme-, Energie- und Kraftwerktechnik
:	English

:	284
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book provides technical data and information on unconventional- and inactive energy sources. After reviewing the current global energy situation, individual chapters discuss fossil fuel sources and renewable energy sources. It focuses on future energy systems and explores renewable energy scenarios including water energy and power, biofuels and algae energy. It also provides essential information on energy from inactive sources, energy from waste materials and the optimization of energy systems.

Professor Ayhan Demirbas' area of work is mainly concerned with renewable and sustainable energy technologies. He has studied on the subjects of pyrolysis, liquefaction, gasification, and supercritical fluid extraction and gasification of biorenewable feedstocks. He has analysed the products from pyrolysis, liquefaction, gasification, and supercritical fluid extraction of biomass. Professor Demirbas has studied on the subjects of renewable transportation fuels such as biodiesel, biomethanol, bioethanol, biogas, biohydragen, gasoline and diesel fuel from fisher-trops synthesis of biofuels. He has also studied petroleum products, new products from crude oil, renewable energy resources, global renewable energy strategies and scenarios, sulfur removal from coal using alkali from biomass ashes, toxic emissions from firing and co-firing processes, global climate change, hazardous materials, persistent, organic pollutants, spectrophotometric determination of carbaryl pesticides in soil and drinking water and, creal analyses etc.

	Preface	6
	Contents	8
	1 Introduction	11
	1.1 Energy and Force Concepts	11
	1.1.1 Electric and Magnetic Fields and Forces in Nanotechnology	12
	1.1.2 Geometric Energy Concept	17
	1.1.3 Nano-Energy	19
	1.2 Energy Sources	21
	1.2.1 Fossil Energy Sources	22
	1.2.2 Renewable Energy Sources	32
	1.2.3 Nuclear Energy Sources	35
	1.3 World’s Present Energy Situation	38
	References	40
	2 Future Energy Sources	42
	2.1 Introduction	42
	2.2 Renewable Energy Scenarios	43
	2.3 Research and Development of Biomass Energy	47
	2.3.1 Introduction	47
	2.3.2 Transportation Biofuels from Biomass	49
	2.4 Water Energy and Power	56
	2.5 Hydrogen Energy	57
	2.6 Biogas Energy	60
	2.7 Algae Energy	65
	2.7.1 Biodiesel Production from Algal Oil	67
	2.7.2 Glycerol from Vegetable Oil for a Promising Carbon Source	72
	2.8 The Next Generation of Hybrid Transportation Vehicles	74
	References	76
	3 Unconventional Energy Sources	80
	3.1 Introduction	80
	3.2 Waste Energy	82
	3.2.1 Waste Heat Recovery by Cogeneration (COGEN or CHP)	85
	3.2.2 Waste Heat Recovery by Trigeneration or Combined Cooling, Heat and Power (CCHP)	86
	3.3 Energy Use	88
	3.3.1 Energy Use in Buildings, Transportation and Industry	90
	3.3.2 Energy Use in Energy and Power Systems	92
	3.4 Shaking Energy	96
	3.5 Squeezing Energy	100
	3.5.1 Introduction	100
	3.5.2 Energy Storage Systems	102
	3.6 Water Energy	103
	3.7 Inactive Energy Sources	112
	3.7.1 Introduction	112
	3.7.2 Geothermal Energy	114
	3.7.3 Natural Gas Hydrates	116
	3.8 Promising Energy Systems	118
	3.8.1 Introduction	118
	3.8.2 Hydrogen as a Future Promising Fuel	118
	3.8.3 Future Transportation Vehicles	122
	3.8.4 Energy from Boron	124
	3.8.5 Energy from Non-nuclear Metallic Fuels	126
	References	127
	4 Energy from Waste Materials and Unconventional Sources	132
	4.1 Introduction	132
	4.2 Wind Power Generation Using Shaking Energy	134
	4.3 Compressed Air Energy	137
	4.3.1 Introduction	137
	4.3.2 Compressed Air Powered Vehicles	137
	4.4 Water Forces and Water Energy	139
	4.5 Gas Hydrates as a Potential Future Energy Resource	142
	4.6 Biofuels from High Quality Microalgae	147
	4.7 Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Biomass to Hydrogen-Rich Gas Mixtures	155
	4.8 Biofuels from Sewage Sludge	163
	4.8.1 Biodiesel from Sewage Sludge	163
	4.8.2 Biogas from Sewage Sludge	166
	4.9 Biodiesel and Bioethanol from Unconventional Resources	171
	4.9.1 Biodiesel from Unconventional Resources	171
	4.9.2 Bioethanol from Unconventional Resources	180
	4.10 Gasoline-like Products from Plastic and Tire Wastes	192
	4.10.1 Gasoline-like Products from Plastic Wastes	192
	4.10.2 Gasoline-like Products from Tire Wastes	197
	4.11 Conversion of Oil Shale to Liquid Fuels	202
	4.12 Conversion of Used Oils to Gasoline-like Products	205
	4.13 Conversion of Heavy Oil to Light Products	213
	4.14 Upgrading of Crude Oil and Heavy Oil	220
	4.14.1 Introduction	220
	4.14.2 Deposition and Flocculation of Asphaltenes from Petroleum	225
	4.14.3 Removing of Resins from Petroleum	230
	4.14.4 Dewaxing Processes of Petroleum	232
	4.14.5 Sulfur Removal from Petroleum	236
	4.15 Gasoline and Diesel Range Hydrocarbons from Waste Vegetable Oils	239
	References	247
	5 Optimization of Energy Systems	265
	5.1 Optimization of Energy Conversion Processes	265
	5.2 Waste Heat Utilization Facilities	267
	5.3 Importance of Unconventional Energy Sources	271
	5.4 Energy Economy	272
	5.5 Energy Policy and Barriers	280
	References	283