| Preface | 6 |
|---|
| Contents | 8 |
|---|
| Chapter 1: Complex Systems | 16 |
|---|
| 1.1 Introduction | 16 |
| 1.2 System Complexities | 16 |
| 1.3 System Transparency | 20 |
| 1.3.1 Black Boxes | 20 |
| 1.3.2 White Boxes | 21 |
| 1.3.3 Glass Boxes | 21 |
| 1.3.4 Grey Boxes | 21 |
| 1.4 System Classification | 22 |
| 1.5 Complex Agent Systems | 24 |
| 1.5.1 Multiagent Systems | 24 |
| 1.5.1.1 What Are Multiagent Systems | 24 |
| 1.5.1.2 Multiagent System Research Map | 25 |
| 1.5.2 Large-Scale Systems | 28 |
| 1.5.3 Large-Scale Multiagent Systems | 28 |
| 1.5.3.1 Concepts and Issues | 28 |
| 1.5.3.2 How Are ULS Systems Different? [40] | 29 |
| 1.5.3.3 Major Research Issues | 30 |
| 1.5.4 Open Complex Agent Systems | 32 |
| 1.5.4.1 Multiagent System Classification | 32 |
| 1.5.4.2 Open Complex Agent Systems | 33 |
| 1.6 Hybrid Intelligent Systems | 34 |
| 1.6.1 Concept | 34 |
| 1.6.2 Hybridization Strategies | 35 |
| 1.6.3 Design Strategies | 37 |
| 1.6.4 Typical Hybrid Applications | 38 |
| 1.7 Evolution of Intelligent Systems | 40 |
| 1.8 Open Giant Intelligent Systems | 44 |
| 1.9 Computing and Engineering Complex Systems | 46 |
| 1.10 Summary | 48 |
| References | 48 |
| Chapter 2: Ubiquitous Intelligence | 52 |
|---|
| 2.1 Introduction | 52 |
| 2.2 Data Intelligence | 53 |
| 2.2.1 What Is Data Intelligence? | 53 |
| 2.2.2 Aims of Involving Data Intelligence | 53 |
| 2.2.3 Aspects of Data Intelligence | 54 |
| 2.3 Domain Intelligence | 55 |
| 2.3.1 What Is Domain Intelligence? | 55 |
| 2.3.2 Aims of Involving Domain Intelligence | 55 |
| 2.3.3 Aspects of Domain Intelligence | 56 |
| 2.4 Network Intelligence | 56 |
| 2.4.1 What Is Network Intelligence? | 56 |
| 2.4.2 Aims of Involving Network Intelligence | 57 |
| 2.4.3 Aspects of Network Intelligence | 57 |
| 2.5 Human Intelligence | 58 |
| 2.5.1 What Is Human Intelligence? | 58 |
| 2.5.2 Aims of Involving Human Intelligence | 58 |
| 2.5.3 Aspects of Human Intelligence | 59 |
| 2.6 Organizational Intelligence | 60 |
| 2.6.1 What Is Organizational Intelligence? | 60 |
| 2.6.2 Aims of Involving Organizational Intelligence | 60 |
| 2.6.3 Aspects of Organizational Intelligence | 61 |
| 2.7 Social Intelligence | 61 |
| 2.7.1 What Is Social Intelligence? | 61 |
| 2.7.2 Aims of Involving Social Intelligence | 62 |
| 2.7.3 Aspects of Social Intelligence | 62 |
| 2.8 Metasynthesis of Ubiquitous Intelligence | 63 |
| 2.9 Summary | 64 |
| References | 64 |
| Chapter 3: System Methodologies | 66 |
|---|
| 3.1 Introduction | 66 |
| 3.2 Reductionism | 67 |
| 3.3 Holism | 68 |
| 3.4 Systematology | 68 |
| 3.5 Summary | 70 |
| References | 70 |
| Chapter 4: Computing Paradigms | 72 |
|---|
| 4.1 Introduction | 72 |
| 4.2 Objects and Object-Oriented Methodology | 73 |
| 4.3 Components and Component-Based Methodology | 73 |
| 4.4 Services and Service-Oriented Methodology | 74 |
| 4.5 Agents and Agent-Oriented Methodology | 75 |
| 4.5.1 Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis | 76 |
| 4.5.2 Agent-Oriented Software Engineering | 77 |
| 4.5.2.1 MaSE | 78 |
| 4.5.2.2 MESSAGE | 78 |
| 4.5.2.3 TROPOS | 78 |
| 4.5.2.4 GAIA | 79 |
| 4.5.3 Issues in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering | 80 |
| 4.6 Relations Among Agents, Objects, Components, and Services | 81 |
| 4.7 Autonomic Computing | 82 |
| 4.8 Organizational Computing | 85 |
| 4.9 Behavior Computing | 86 |
| 4.10 Social Computing | 89 |
| 4.11 Cloud/Service Computing | 92 |
| 4.12 Metasynthetic Computing | 93 |
| References | 93 |
| Chapter 5: Metasynthesis | 96 |
|---|
| 5.1 Introduction | 96 |
| 5.2 Open Complex Giant Systems | 96 |
| 5.3 OCGS System Complexities | 100 |
| 5.4 Knowledge and Intelligence Emergence | 102 |
| 5.5 Theoretical Framework of Metasynthesis | 108 |
| 5.6 Problem-Solving Process in M-Space | 110 |
| 5.7 Social Cognitive Intelligence Emergence in M-Space | 113 |
| 5.7.1 Individual Cognitive Model | 113 |
| 5.7.2 Social Cognitive Interaction Model | 114 |
| Member norm: sample norms, rules, and policies for social cognitive interaction | 115 |
| Interaction protocol: sample codes of conduct for social cognitive interaction | 115 |
| Interaction protocol: sample codes of conduct for social cognitive interaction | 115 |
| Interaction operator: sample operators representing interaction modes | 116 |
| 5.7.3 Cognitive Intelligence Emergence | 116 |
| 5.8 Thinking Pitfalls in M-Interactions | 117 |
| Strategy: avoiding dependent thinking in M-interactions | 117 |
| Strategy: avoiding over-divergent thinking in M-interactions | 118 |
| Strategy: avoiding group thinking in M-interactions | 119 |
| Strategy: avoiding rigid thinking in M-interactions | 119 |
| 5.9 M-Computing: Engineering OCGS | 120 |
| 5.10 Discussions | 121 |
| References | 123 |
| Chapter 6: OSOAD Methodology | 126 |
|---|
| 6.1 Introduction | 126 |
| 6.2 Organizational Abstraction | 126 |
| 6.2.1 Actors | 127 |
| 6.2.2 Environment | 128 |
| 6.2.3 Interaction | 128 |
| 6.2.4 Organizational Rules | 129 |
| 6.2.5 Organizational Structure | 129 |
| 6.2.6 Organizational Goal | 130 |
| 6.2.7 Organizational Dynamics | 130 |
| 6.3 Organization-Oriented Analysis | 131 |
| 6.3.1 Challenges fo
|