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A Grammar of Wandala Grammar of Wandala

:	Zygmunt Frajzyngier
:	A Grammar of Wandala Grammar of Wandala
:	De Gruyter Mouton
:	9783110218411
:	Mouton Grammar Library [MGL]ISSN
:	1
:	CHF 189.80
:

:	Allgemeine und Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft
:	English

:	736
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

< >This is the first description of a most interesting Chadic language spoken in Northern Cameroon and Northern Nigeria. The grammar provides proofs for all hypotheses concerning forms and functions grammaticalized in the language. The grammar is written in a style accessible to linguists working within different theoretical frameworks.

Zygmunt Frajzyngier, University of Colorado, USA.

	Acknowledgments	5
	Abbreviations and typographical conventions	15
	Chapter 1. Introduction	17
	1. Names, speakers, places, and classification	17
	2. Dialect variations	21
	3. Scholarship on the language	22
	4. The aim, scope, and theoretical approach	23
	5. The importance of Wandala	23
	6. An outline of the grammar of Wandala	26
	7. The sources and the nature of the data	38
	Chapter 2. Phonology	40
	1. The aim of the chapter	40
	2. Consonantal system	40
	3. Phonotactics of consonants	52
	4. Vowel system	56
	5. Underlying a	58
	6. Underlying i	60
	7. Underlying u	61
	8. The status of the vowel e	63
	9. Syllable structure	66
	10. Vowel epenthesis	69
	11. Phonotactics of vowels	77
	12. Tone	83
	13. Conclusions	92
	Chapter 3. Morphological marking of syntactic organization	93
	1. Introduction	93
	2. A phonological explanation of the root form	94
	3. A phonological explanation of the root + a form	95
	4. Hypothesis	96
	5. Syntactic environments of the root form	97
	6. Syntactic environments of the root + a form	106
	7. The functions of the word-final vowel e	113
	8. Conclusions	113
	Chapter 4. Lexical categories and morphological processes	114
	1. Introduction	114
	2. Verbs	114
	3. Nouns	115
	4. Number	120
	5. Gender	122
	6. Independent pronouns	123
	7. Adjectives	124
	8. Numerals	129
	9. Adverbs	131
	10. The locative predicator	131
	11. Prepositions	132
	12. Intensifiers	134
	13. Ideophones	134
	14. Complementizers and subordinating particles	135
	15. Morphological processes	135
	16. Conclusions	136
	Chapter 5. Noun phrase	137
	1. Introduction	137
	2. Noun phrases consisting of just one constituent	137
	3. Modification by a noun	138
	4. Modification by adjectives	149
	5. Modification by numerals	151
	6. Modification by quantifiers	153
	7. The quantifier rà ‘any’	156
	8. Delimiters	156
	9. Modification by determiners	156
	10. Verbal modification of an agentive noun	158
	11. Verbal modification of a non-agentive noun	159
	12. Modification by a clause	159
	13. Conjoined noun phrases	160
	14. Conclusions	164
	Chapter 6. Verbal roots and stems	165
	1. Introduction	165
	2. The underlying form of the verb	165
	3. The initial vowel of the phonetic forms of the verb	166
	4. Internal vowels of the verb	168
	5. The tone of the verb	174
	6. Verbal plurality	175
	7. Verbal nouns	181
	8. The imperfective stem	187
	9. Reduplication of the type R1(Pro)R2	192
	10. Conclusions	195
	Chapter 7. Grammatical relations	196
	1. Means and terms	196
	2. Subject pronouns	197
	3. Object pronouns	200
	4. Coding of nominal arguments	208
	5. Distinguishing between arguments that do not follow the verb	223
	6. Possessive subject pronouns	224
	7. Grammatical and semantic relations with the R1ProR2 form	230
	8. Coding the definiteness of the object	232
	9. The indirect object	233
	10. Coding grammatical relations in argument fronting	245
	11. The coreferentiality of the subject and the addressee of the verb of saying	247
	12. Conclusions	248
	Chapter 8. Verbal extensions and semantic relations	250
	1. Introduction	250
	2. The applicative extension v	250
	3. The ventive extension w	264
	4. The reverse extension lí	272
	5. The collective extension	273
	6. The goal extension á	276
	7. The role-changing extension ar ‘ON’	289
	8. Conclusions	292
	Chapter 9. Locative extensions	294
	1. Introduction	294
	2. The inner-space extension m ‘in’	295
	3. The target extension t	297
	4. The source-oriented extension s	307
	5. Conclusions	312
	Chapter 10. Locative predication	313
	1. The components of locative predication	313
	2. Inherently locative predicates	313
	3. Locative predicator	316
	4. Inherently locative complements	318
	5. Coding the directionality of movement	320
	6. [+human] nouns in directional locative predication	322
	7. Stative locative predication	323
	8. Prepositions and spatial specifiers	324
	9. The parameters of manner and directionality of movement	329
	10. Coding altrilocality	330
	11. Conclusions	331
	Chapter 11. Verbless predications	333
	1. Introduction	333
	2. Verbless locative predication	333
	3. Equational predication	334
	4. Property predication	338
	5. Nonspecific predication	340