| Contents | 6 |
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| Foreword | 8 |
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| Chapter 1 Introduction | 10 |
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| 1.1 Overview | 10 |
| 1.2 PIRLS 2001 and 2006 | 10 |
| 1.3 Relevance and Benefit of Large-Scale Assessments in Education | 13 |
| 1.4 The Impact of PIRLS Project | 18 |
| 1.5 Structure of the Book | 21 |
| Chapter 2 PIRLS 2006 in Brief | 24 |
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| 2.1 Introduction | 24 |
| 2.2 Assessing Reading Literacy in PIRLS 2006 | 25 |
| 2.3 The PIRLS 2006 Target Population | 28 |
| 2.4 PIRLS 2006 International Findings | 29 |
| 2.5 Conclusion | 43 |
| Chapter 3 The Impact of PIRLS in Austria | 48 |
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| 3.1 Austria at a Glance1 | 48 |
| 3.2 Austria’s Education System as a Context for PIRLS | 48 |
| 3.3 Austria’s Participation in Large-Scale Assessments | 51 |
| 3.4 PIRLS 2006: National Results | 53 |
| 3.6 The Impact of PIRLS 2006 | 56 |
| 3.7 Future Activities | 58 |
| 3.8 Concluding Remarks | 59 |
| Chapter 4 The Impact of PIRLS in Belgium (Flemish) | 62 |
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| 4.1 Belgium and Flanders at a Glance | 62 |
| 4.2 The Education System in Flanders | 63 |
| 4.3 Experience with Large-Scale Assessments | 65 |
| 4.4 National Results and the Impact of PIRLS | 68 |
| 4.5 Conclusion | 72 |
| Chapter 5 The Impact of PIRLS in England | 76 |
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| 5.1 A Short Country Description | 76 |
| 5.2 England’s Education System | 76 |
| 5.3 The Country’s Current National Assessment System | 77 |
| 5.4 The Country’s Experience in International Large-Scale Assessments | 78 |
| 5.5 National Results, Impact, and (Expected) Long-Term Effects of PIRLS 2001 and 2006 Since the First Publication | 79 |
| 5.6 Expected Future Activities | 83 |
| 5.7 Concluding Remarks | 83 |
| Chapter 6 The Impact of PIRLS in Germany | 86 |
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| 6.1 A Short Country Description: Germany at a Glance | 86 |
| 6.2 Germany’s Education System as a Context for PIRLS | 87 |
| 6.3 Experience with Large-Scale Assessments | 88 |
| 6.4 National Results and the Impact of PIRLS | 92 |
| 6.5 Future Activities | 99 |
| 6.6 Concluding Remarks | 101 |
| Chapter 7 The Impact of PIRLS in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China | 108 |
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| 7.1 Hong Kong at a Glance | 108 |
| 7.2 Hong Kong’s Education System as a Context for PIRLS | 108 |
| 7.3 Experience with Large-Scale Assessments | 111 |
| 7.4 National Results and Impact of PIRLS | 113 |
| 7.5 Impact of PIRLS 2006 | 116 |
| 7.6 Anticipated Future Activities | 124 |
| 7.7 Concluding Remarks | 124 |
| Chapter 8 The Impact of PIRLS in Hungary | 130 |
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| 8.1 Hungary at a Glance | 130 |
| 8.2 Hungary’s Education System as a Context for PIRLS | 130 |
| 8.3 Hungary’s Experience of Large-Scale Assessments | 132
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