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Wartime Shanghai and the Jewish Refugees from Central Europe Survival, Co-Existence, and Identity in a Multi-Ethnic City

:	Irene Eber
:	Wartime Shanghai and the Jewish Refugees from Central Europe Survival, Co-Existence, and Identity in a Multi-Ethnic City
:	Walter de Gruyter GmbH& Co.KG
:	9783110268188
:	New Perspectives on Modern Jewish HistoryISSN
:	1
:	CHF 0.50
:

:	20. Jahrhundert (bis 1945)
:	English

:	259
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

< >The study discusses the history of the Jewish refugees within the Shanghai setting and its relationship to the two established Jewish communities, the Sephardi and Russian Jews. Attention is also focused on the cultural life of the refugees who used both German and Yiddish, and on their attempts to cope under Japanese occupation after the outbreak of the Pacific War. Differences of identity existed between Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews, religious and secular, aside from linguistic and cultural differences. The study aims to understand the exile condition of the refugees and their amazing efforts to create a semblance of cultural life in a strange new world.

< >Irene Eber, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

	Acknowledgments	7
	Abbreviations	14
	Introduction	15
	Chapter 1: Shanghai	19
	Beginnings of the Treaty Port	20
	Shanghai until the Sino-Japanese War of 1937	25
	Baghdadi (Sephardi) and Russian (Ashkenazi) Jews	31
	Shanghai’s Russian and Japanese Communities	38
	Aftermath of the 1937 Hostilities	44
	Shanghai-Harbin-Tianjin	48
	Chapter 2: Germany’s China Policy, Forced Emigration and the Search for Alternative Destinations	53
	The First Jewish Arrivals in China, 1933–1934	53
	Germany’s East Asian Politics between China and Japan	57
	Money, Trade, Arms, and Military Missions	63
	Forced Emigration	68
	Alternative Destinations: Manchukuo, the Philippines, Yunnan	74
	Chapter 3: “To Suffer a Martyr’s Death Rather than Perish in Shanghai” or to “Die as Free Men in Shanghai”	85
	The Journeys	86
	The Refugee Flood and its Cessation	91
	Factors Limiting Sea Travel	93
	Responses in Shanghai	101
	The Permit System	112
	Legitimate and Forged Permits	120
	Overland Routes	124
	Chapter 4: Strangers in Shanghai	131
	Getting Settled: Flats and Heime	132
	Entertainment	140
	Litigation	147
	Publishing	151
	Institutional Development: Synagogues, Burial Societies and Cemeteries, Hospitals and Schools	160
	To Leave Shanghai	166
	Chapter 5: Years of Misfortune: 1941–1945	171
	Eastjewcom, Laura Margolis, and the Polish Jews	173
	The Pacific War and the Jewish Communities	178
	Anti-Semitism, The Proclamation, and The “Designated Area”	183
	Life in the Ghetto	191
	Chapter 6: End of War and the Jewish Exodus	203
	The Disaster of July 1945	204
	Leaving China	208
	Shanghai Remembered	211
	Some Final Remarks	221
	Appendices	225
	Appendix 1: Old and New Street Names Mentioned in Text	225
	Appendix 2: Journals and Newspapers Published in Shanghai for the Jewish Communities 1939–1946	225
	Appendix 3: Documentary Films about Shanghai	227
	Appendix 4: Partial List of Published German and English Language Memoirs and Autobiographies	234
	Appendix 5: A Biographical Sketch of the Karfunkel Family	235
	Appendix 6: List of German Refugees Entering Shanghai Since 1937, Registration Made by Zangzou Police Station	238
	Glossary of Chinese Names and Terms	239
	Bibliography	241
	Archives	241
	Newspapers	241
	Interviews	241
	Books	241
	Articles	247
	Index of Persons	255