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Compound Stress in English The Phonetics and Phonology of Prosodic Prominence

:	Gero Kunter
:	Compound Stress in English The Phonetics and Phonology of Prosodic Prominence
:	Walter de Gruyter GmbH& Co.KG
:	9783110254709
:	Linguistische ArbeitenISSN
:	1
:	CHF 169.00
:

:	Englische Sprachwissenschaft / Literaturwissenschaft
:	English

:	237
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

< >While it has long been noted that the first element of most, but not of all English nominal compounds is perceptually most prominent (e.g. TABLE cloth vs. paper CUP), a principled empirical investigation of the acoustics, perception, and the phonological distribution of these two prominence patterns has been missing. Using a corpus of spoken language, the current volume presents the first thorough and detailed investigation of these areas, while also introducing several methodological and statistical innovations to the field.

< >Gero Kunter, University ofSiegen, Germany.

	Contents	6
	Acknowledgements	12
	1 Introduction	14
	2 Compounds, stress and prominence: concepts and issues	18
	2.1 What is a compound?	18
	2.2 Prominence patterns in compounds	21
	2.3 Prominence in the autosegmental-metrical framework	24
	3 The corpus	29
	4 Perception of compound prominence patterns	33
	4.1 Introduction	33
	4.2 Pretest	36
	4.3 Method	38
	4.3.1 Participants	38
	4.3.2 Stimuli	39
	4.3.3 Procedure	39
	4.4 Results	41
	4.4.1 Overall results	42
	4.4.2 Intrarater reliability	44
	4.4.3 Perception ratings by items	53
	4.4.4 Summary of results	61
	4.5 Discussion	61
	5 Acoustic correlates of compound prominence	70
	5.1 Previous research	72
	5.1.1 Pitch and fundamental frequency	73
	5.1.2 Loudness, intensity and spectral balance	77
	5.1.3 Duration	80
	5.1.4 Non-modal phonation	82
	5.1.5 Summary and research questions	83
	5.2 Material and measurements	85
	5.2.1 Pitch measurements	87
	5.2.2 Duration	91
	5.2.3 Intensity	91
	5.2.4 Spectral balance	92
	5.2.5 Non-modal phonation	92
	5.3 Procedure	95
	5.4 Results	98
	5.5 Discussion	106
	6 Classification and prediction of compound prominence patterns	113
	6.1 Data	114
	6.1.1 Automatic measurement procedure and evaluation	115
	6.1.2 Vowel-intrinsic properties	118
	6.1.3 Summary of acoustic measurements	120
	6.2 Prediction of median prominence ratings	121
	6.2.1 Predictors in the regression analysis	121
	6.2.2 Regression analysis	125
	6.2.3 Predictions for the Boston corpus	134
	6.3 Classification of the Boston corpus	138
	6.3.1 Training set	140
	6.3.2 Model application and evaluation	143
	7 What determines compound prominence patterns?	146
	7.1 Methodology	147
	7.2 Hypothesis testing with unbalanced data	150
	7.3 The structural hypothesis	152
	7.4 The semantic hypothesis	164
	7.5 Structural and semantic hypotheses combined	171
	7.6 Analogical effects	174
	7.7 General discussion	182
	8 Within- and across-speaker variation	187
	8.1 Methodology	189
	8.2 Within-speaker variability	193
	8.2.1 Data	193
	8.2.2 Results	194
	8.2.3 Discussion	198
	8.3 Across-speaker variability	201
	8.3.1 Data	204
	8.3.2 Results	205
	8.3.3 Discussion	210
	8.4 General discussion	213
	9 Conclusion	215
	A Introduction to linear regression and mixed-effects models	220
	B NOUN + NOUN compounds used in the variability study	223
	References	226