| Acknowledgements | 8 |
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| Table of Contents | 10 |
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| Chapter 1 Introduction | 14 |
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| 1.1 Problems and issues | 14 |
| 1.2 Methodology | 19 |
| Chapter 2 ‘ The Children of the Desolate Woman’: Isa. 54: 1 in Gal. 4: 27 | 36 |
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| 2.1 Historical context and rhetorical situation | 36 |
| 2.2 Isa. 54: 1 in Gal. 4: 27 | 40 |
| 2.3 The function of the citation within Gal. 4: 21– 5:1 | 41 |
| 2.4 The central problem | 43 |
| 2.5 Isa. 54: 1 in Second Temple Jewish interpretation | 43 |
| 2.6 Proposed solutions | 48 |
| 2.7 Gal. 4: 27 within the hermeneutical framework of the letter | 53 |
| 2.8 Gal. 4: 27 and the story of Israel in Galatians | 59 |
| 2.9 ‘She is our mother’: Exiles and Gentiles in Gal. 4: 27 | 70 |
| Chapter 3 ‘ Come out from them’: The Scripture Catena in 2 Cor. 6: 16-18 | 74 |
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| 3.1 Historical context and rhetorical situation | 74 |
| 3.2 The citations | 78 |
| 3.3 The function of the citations within 2 Cor. 6:14–7: 1 | 83 |
| 3.4 The central problem | 89 |
| 3.5 Proposed solutions | 89 |
| 3.6 Lev. 26:11-12, Isa. 52: 11 and 2 Sam. 7: 14a in Second Temple Jewish interpretation | 101 |
| 3.7 2 Cor. 6:16-18 within the hermeneutical framework of the letter | 109 |
| 3.8 2 Cor. 6: 16-18 and the story of Israel in 2 Corinthians | 113 |
| 3.9 ‘Since we have these promises–’: Jewish promises and Gentile readers | 116 |
| Chapter 4 ‘ Not my People’: Hos. 1: 10 and 2: 23 in Rom. 9:25- 26 | 120 |
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| 4.1 Historical context and rhetorical situation | 120 |
| 4.2 The citations | 123 |
| 4.3 The function of the citations within Rom. 9: 22-29 | 127 |
| 4.4 The central problem | 130 |
| 4.5 Proposed solutions | 131 |
| 4.6 Hos. 2: 23 and 1: 10 [2: 25 and 2:1 LXX and MT] in Second Temple Jewish interpretation | 140 |
| 4.7 Rom. 9: 25-26 within the hermeneutical framework of the letter | 144 |
| 4.8 Rom. 9: 25-26 and the story of Israel in Romans | 152 |
| 4.9 ‘Not my people’: Exiles and Gentiles in Rom. 9: 25-26 | 175 |
| Chapter 5 ‘ You who were far off’: Isa. 57: 19 in Eph. 2: 17 | 180 |
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| 5.1 Historical context and rhetorical situation | 180 |
| 5.2 Isa. 57: 19 in Eph. 2: 17 | 183 |
| 5.3 The function of the citation within Eph. 2:11-22 | 185 |
| 5.4 The central problem | 190 |
| 5.5 Proposed solutions | 190 |
| 5.6 Isa. 57:19 in Second Temple Jewish interpretation | 193 |
| 5.7 Eph. 2: 17 within the hermeneutical framework of the letter | 196 |
| 5.8 Eph. 2: 17 and the story of Israel in Ephesians | 199 |
| 5.9 ‘You who were far off–’: Exiles and Gentiles in Eph. 2:17 | 205 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion | 208 |
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| 6.1 Introduction | 208 |
| 6.2 Summaries | 208 |
| 6.3 Comparisons | 214 |
| 6.4 Implications | 222 |
| 6.5 Avenues for further exploration | 229 |
| Bibliography | 232 |
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| Index of Ancient Texts | 250 |
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| Biblical Texts | 250 |
| Non-Biblical Texts | 261 |
| Index of Modern Authors | 264 |