| Radical innovation and Open innovation | 1 |
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| Executive Summary | 3 |
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| Acknowledgement | 7 |
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| Table of Contents | 9 |
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| List of Abbreviations | 11 |
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| List of Figures | 13 |
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| List of Tables | 14 |
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| 1 Introduction | 15 |
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| 1.1 Problem definition | 15 |
| 1.2 Objective | 17 |
| 1.3 Methodology | 17 |
| 2 Basics of innovation management | 18 |
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| 2.1 Types of innovations | 18 |
| 2.1.1 Classification of innovation types | 18 |
| 2.1.2 Examples of the most important innovation types | 20 |
| 2.2 Radical innovation versus incremental innovation | 27 |
| 2.2.1 General differences | 27 |
| 2.2.2 Technical and market dimensions of innovations | 30 |
| 2.2.3 Uncertainties and management of radical innovations | 35 |
| 2.2.4 Disruptive innovations | 38 |
| 2.3 Open innovation versus closed innovation | 48 |
| 2.3.1 Shift in innovation paradigms | 48 |
| 2.3.2 Open and closed innovation – the main differences | 52 |
| 2.3.3 The core open innovation processes | 55 |
| 2.3.4 Managing open innovation | 59 |
| 2.4 Analysis of innovation models for the lighting industry | 61 |
| 3 Radical and open innovations for LED | 68 |
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| 3.1 LED as a radical innovation in the lighting industry | 68 |
| 3.2 LED market breakthroughs | 75 |
| 3.2.1 LED market history | 75 |
| 3.2.2 LED future market trend | 80 |
| 3.2.3 Competitive landscape | 85 |
| 3.3 Open innovation for LED breakthroughs | 89 |
| 3.3.1 Future trend in LED development | 89 |
| 3.3.2 Managing open innovation for LED | 92 |
| 3.4 Managing future growth in LED business | 97 |
| 4 Conclusion | 102 |
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| 5 Integrated Total Management Aspects | 108 |
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| 6 Bibliography | 113 |