Multi-agent systems are one of the most exciting research areas in Artificial Intelligence. This book reports on the results achieved in this area, discusses the benefits (and drawbacks) that agent-based systems may bring to medical domains and society, and also provides a list of the research topics that should be tackled in the near future to make the deployment of health-care agent-based systems a reality. Current topics of research include communication and co-operation between distributed intelligent agents to manage patient care.