ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

Proteins Membrane Binding and Pore Formation

:	Gregor Anderluh, Jeremy H. Lakey
:	Gregor Anderluh, Jeremy H. Lakey
:	Proteins Membrane Binding and Pore Formation
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781441963277
:	Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
:	1
:	CHF 173.90
:

:	Nichtklinische Fächer
:	English

:	172
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Formation of transmembrane pores is a very effective way of killing cells. It is thus not surprising that many bacterial and eukaryotic toxic agents are pore-forming proteins. Pore formation in a target membrane is a complex process composed of several steps; proteins need to attach to the lipid membrane, possibly aggregate in the plane of the membrane and finally form a pore by inserting part of the polypeptide chain across the lipid bilayer. Structural information about toxins at each stage is indispensible for the biochemical and molecular biological studies that aim to - derstand how pores are formed at the molecular level. There are currently only two Staphylococcus aureus and hemolysin E from Escherichia coli. Therefore, what we know about these proteins was obtained over many years of intense experimentation. We have nevertheless, in the last couple of years, witnessed a significant rise in structural information on the soluble forms of pore-forming proteins. Surprisingly, many unexpected similarities with other proteins were noted, despite extremely low or insignificant sequence similarity. It appears that lipid membrane binding and formation of transmembrane channels is achieved in many cases by a limited repertoire of structures. This book describes how several of the important pore forming toxin families achieve membrane bi- ing and which structural elements are used for formation of transmembrane pores. Our contributors have thus provided the means for a comparative analysis of several unrelated families.

Gregor Anderluh is Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. He and his coworkers are studying protein-membrane interactions and how cellular membranes are damaged by proteins. He is a director of the Infrastuctural Centre for Surface Plasmon Resonance at the University of Ljubljana, where they study molecular interactions and are developing novel approaches on how to study protein binding to membranes. He received his PhD in Biology from University of Ljubljana and did his Postdoctoral at University of Newcastle, United Kingdom. Jeremy Lakey is Professor of Structural Biochemistry at the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, UK and runs an academic research group based loosely on the theme of protein biophysical chemistry with interests in protein toxins, membranes and bionanotechnology. Following a first degree in Zoology, Jeremy completed a PhD in Membrane Biophysics at the University of East Anglia UK, followed by periods at the Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Orléans, France; EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany and the EPFL , Lausanne Switzerland. He is currently an editor of the Biochemical Journal and member of the facility access panel for the ISIS pulsed neutron source, UK.

	Title Page	3
	Copyright Page	4
	PREFACE	5
	ABOUT THE EDITORS...	7
	ABOUT THE EDITORS...	8
	PARTICIPANTS	9
	Table of Contents	13
	Chapter 1 Introduction	18
	Introduction	18
	Nomenclature	19
	Three-Dimensional Structures of Pore-Forming Proteins	19
	Pore-Forming Peptides	19
	a-PFTs	20
	B-PFTs	22
	Bcl-2 Proteins	23
	MACPF Superfamily	23
	CLICs	23
	Membrane Binding	24
	Oligomerization	24
	Common Features of Membrane Insertion	25
	a-PFPs	25
	B-PFTs	25
	CLICs	26
	Conclusion	26
	References	27
	Chapter 2 Energetics of Peptide and Protein Binding to Lipid Membranes	31
	The Lipid Bilayer Phase	31
	Hydrophobic Interactions	32
	Electrostatic Interactions	34
	Additivity between Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions	35
	The Influence of Peptide and Protein Structure	35
	Specific Interactions	36
	Specificity: The Formation of Ordered Pores	36
	Promiscuity: Membrane-Permeabilization by Interfacial Activity	38
	Conclusion	38
	References	39
	Chapter 3 Membrane Association and Pore Formation by Alpha-Helical Peptides	41
	Introduction	41
	Alamethicin and Other Peptaibols	41
	Cationic Amphipathic Antimicrobial Peptides	43
	Membrane Proteins	44
	Conclusion	44
	References	45
	Chapter 4 Role of Membrane Lipids for the Activity of Pore Forming Peptides and Proteins	48
	Introduction	48
	Membrane Interfaces Are Ideal Binding Sites for Pore-Forming Peptides and Proteins	49
	General Effects of Negatively Charged Lipids	51
	Some Specific Roles of Lipids for Membrane Binding	53
	A Membrane Foldase Activity Configures Peptide and Protein Active Structures	54
	Structure Remodelling at the Membrane Interface	54
	The Lipid Membrane Controls Inter-Protein Interactions	55
	The Complex Membrane-Dependent Regulation of Bcl-2 Proteins	55
	Role of Lipids in the Formation and Stabilization of Pores	56
	The Latent Membrane Pores: Relatives of Pores Induced by Polypeptides?	56
	A Consensus View of Pore Formation Stressing the Role of Lipids	58
	Physical Properties of Polypeptide-Induced Pores Related to the Role of Lipids	61
	Surface Tension, Line Tension and the Stability of Membrane Pores	61
	Lipid-Driven Cooperativity: A Many-Body Effect Triggering Pore Formation	61
	The Elusive Role of Spontaneous Curvature: Classical and Nonclassical Effects	63
	Conclusion	64
	References	65
	Chapter 5 Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins	73
	Functional Studies on CDCs	75
	Membrane Binding by CDCs	75
	Pore Formation by CDCs	77
	Proteolipid Pores	77
	Oligomerisation—A Mechanism for Membrane Insertion	78
	Complex Effects of CDCs and Related Protiens	79
	Conclusion	79
	References	80
	Chapter 6 Laetiporus sulphureus Lectin and Aerolysin Protein Family	84
	Introduction	84
	Pore-Forming Hemolytic Lectins	85
	A New Member within the Aerolysin Family: The Crystal Structure of LSLa	86
	The N-Terminal Lectin Module	87
	The C-Terminal Pore-Forming Module	88
	Oligomeric State of Water-Soluble LSLa	89
	A Common Aerolysin-Like Pore-Forming Module Structure?	90
	L-Domains	90
	B-Domains	92
	Other New Members in the Aerolysin Family: Basic Aerolysin Pore-Forming Motifs?	93
	Conclusion	95
	References	95
	Chapter 7 Interfacial Interactions of Pore-Forming Colicins	98
	Introduction	98
	Structures	99
	Receptor Binding	99
	Translocation	99
	Crossing the Periplasm	102
	Inner Membrane Inserted Forms	103
	Conclusion	104
	References	104
	Chapter 8 Permeabilization of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane by Bcl-2 Proteins	108
	Introduction	108
	The Structure of the Bcl-2 Proteins	109
	Structures of Water Soluble Forms	109
	Membrane-Associated Conformations	111
	Pore-Forming Properties of Bcl-2 Proteins	113
	Regulation of MOM Permeabilization by Bcl-2 Proteins	115
	Activation of Bcl-2 Proteins	115
	Inhibition by Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins	116
	Bcl-2 Interaction Networks Regulate Apoptosis	116
	Conclusion	117
	References	117
	Chapter 9 Molecular Mechanism of Sphingomyelin-Specific Membrane Binding and Pore Formation by Actinoporins	123
	Introduction	123
	Structural Properties of Actinoporins	124
	Actinoporins Specifically Bind Sphingomyelin as the First Step in Pore Formation	124