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Homo Novus - A Human Without Illusions A Human Without Illusions

:	Ulrich J. Frey, Charlotte Störmer, Kai P. Willführ
:	Ulrich J. Frey, Charlotte Störmer, Kai P. Willführ
:	Homo Novus - A Human Without Illusions A Human Without Illusions
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783642121425
:	1
:	CHF 45.70
:

:	Biologie
:	English

:	289
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Converging evidence from disciplines including sociobiology, evolutionary psychology and human biology forces us to adopt a new idea of what it means to be a human. As cherished concepts such as free will, naïve realism, humans as creation's crowning glory fall and our moral roots in ape group dynamics become clearer, we have to take leave of many concepts that have been central to defining our humanness. What emerges is a new human, the homo novus, a human being without illusions. Leading authors from many different fields explore these issues by addressing a range of illusions and providing evidence for the need, despite considerable reluctance, to relinquish some of our most cherished ideas about ourselves.

Ulrich Frey (philosophy), Charlotte Störmer and Kai Willführ (biology) work in an interdisciplinary research group at the University of Giessen, applying evolutionary theory to a broad range of fields. The following authors contributed to the chapters of this book: Kurt Bayertz, Athanasios Chasiotis, Robin Dunbar, Harald A. Euler, Detlef Fetchenhauer, Julia Fischer, Bernulf Kanitscheider, Chris Knight, Virpi Lummaa, Amy R. Parish, Julia Pradel, Gerhard Roth, Wulf Schiefenhövel, Rebecca Sear, Volker Sommer and Gerhard Vollmer.

	Preface	7
	Contents	9
	Contributors	14
	1 Introduction	16
	Ulrich J. Frey, Charlotte Störmer, and Kai P. Willführ	16
	Illusion Number 1 Humans Are Exceptional	20
	2 The Position of Man in the Cosmos	21
	Bernulf Kanitscheider	21
	2.1 Historical Precursors	21
	2.2 The Standard Concordance Model	22
	2.3 Speculative Hypotheses on the High Energy Realm	25
	2.4 The Challenge of Quantum Cosmology	26
	2.5 The Intricacies of Infinity	27
	2.6 Taming the Unfathomable	29
	2.7 Conclusion	30
	References	31
	3 Living Differences	33
	The Paradigm of Animal Cultures	33
	Volker Sommer and Amy R. Parish	33
	3.1 What We Do and Monkeys Don t	34
	3.2 How to Join the Culture Club	35
	3.3 Culture as the Way We Do Things	38
	3.4 Multiculturalism Amongst Animals	40
	3.5 Panthropology	42
	3.6 Cultural Capacity: Blessing and Curse	44
	References	45
	4 Nothing to Talk About	48
	On the Linguistic Abilities of Nonhuman Primates (And Some Other Animal Species)	48
	Julia Fischer	48
	4.1 A Very Old Question	48
	4.2 Design Features of Speech	49
	4.3 Semantics in Nonhuman Primate Communication	50
	4.4 Call Production	51
	4.5 Vocal Plasticity	51
	4.6 Call Comprehension	52
	4.7 Fast Mapping in a Domestic Dog	53
	4.8 Recursive Syntactic Patterns	54
	4.9 Gestural Communication	56
	4.10 Outlook	57
	References	58
	Illusion Number 2 We Are Independent of Our Sociobiological Roots	62
	5 The True Egoist Is Cooperative	63
	Ethical Problems Seen Against a Background of Evolutionary Biology, Behavioral Research, and Sociobiology	63
	Christian Vogel	63
	5.1 Introduction	63
	5.2	63
	5.2	63
	64	63
	5.3 Social Darwinism	64
	5.4 Classical German Ethology	66
	5.5 Morally Analogous Behavior	68
	5.6 Normative Consequences	69
	5.7 First Objections	70
	5.8 Sociobiology	71
	5.9 Inclusive Fitness	72
	5.10 Reciprocal Altruism	72
	5.11 What Does This Mean for Us?	73
	References	75
	6 The Social Brain and Its Implications	76
	Robin Dunbar	76
	6.1 Introduction	76
	6.2 The Social Brain Hypothesis	77
	6.3 The Bonding Problem in Human Communities	83
	6.4 Cognitive Afterword	86
	References	86
	7 Why Most Theories Get It Wrong	89
	Altruistic Intentions as an Explanation of the Evolution of Genuine Altruism	89
	Julia Pradel and Detlef Fetchenhauer	89
	7.1 Why Most Theories Get It Wrong: Altruistic Intentions as an Explanation of the Evolution of Genuine Altruism	89
	7.2 Solving the Paradox of Altruism	90
	7.2.1 The Initial Perspective: In the Very End, Every Altruistic Act Comes Down to Evolutionary Selfishness	90
	7.2.2 The New Perspective: Genuine Altruism Does Exist	92
	7.3 Evidence for the Solution of the Paradox of Altruism	96
	7.3.1 Altruists and Egoists Are Distinguishable	96
	7.3.2 Altruists Elect Like-Minded Individuals for Mutual Cooperation	98
	7.4 Conclusion	99
	References	101
	Illusion Number 3 The Biological Imperative Doesn't Matter to Us	103
	8 Mortality Crises and Their Consequences for Human Life Histories	104
	Charlotte Störmer and Kai P. Willführ	104
	8.1 Life History Theory and the Illusion of Unconstrained Life Planning	104
	8.2 Introduction	105
	8.3 Empirical Data	106
	8.4 Hypothesis	107
	8.5 Discussion	111
	8.6 Outlook	115
	References	116
	9 Costs and Consequences of Reproduction	119
	Virpi Lummaa	119
	9.1 Introduction	119
	9.2 Immediate and Delayed Effects of Reproduction on Survival	121
	9.3 Costs of Reproduction to Future Breeding Success	124
	9.4 Costs of Reproduction with Age	125
	9.5 Costs of Reproduction Across Environments	125
	9.6 The Genetic Basis for Costs of Reproduction Across Ages and Environments	127
	9.7 Conclusions	129
	References	130
	10 Height and Reproductive Success	135
	Is Bigger Always Better?	135
	Rebecca Sear	135
	10.1 Introduction	135
	10.2 A Survey of Height and Correlates of Reproductive Success in Adulthood	137
	10.2.1 Height and Adult Mortality	137
	10.2.2 Height and Mating Success	140
	10.2.3 Height and Fertility Outcomes<