| Methodological Choice and Design | 2 |
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| Acknowledgements | 6 |
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| Contents | 8 |
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| Contributors | 11 |
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| Part I Introduction and Foundations | 13 |
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| Chapter 1 Bridging and Blending Disciplinesof Inquiry: Doing Science and ChangingPractice and Policy | 14 |
| 1.1 Audience | 17 |
| 1.2 Structure of the Book | 17 |
| 1.3 Chapter Overviews | 18 |
| References | 24 |
| Chapter 2 Knowledge and Epistemology in Scholarship,Practice and Policy: Research-as-Scienceand Research-as-Project | 27 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 27 |
| 2.2 Research-as-Science | 29 |
| 2.2.1 Education and Social Work as a Disciplineand a Field of Study | 29 |
| 2.2.2 The Dialectic and ‘Dual Mandate’ of Science | 30 |
| 2.2.3 Types of Science in Education and Social Work | 31 |
| 2.3 Research-as-Project | 32 |
| 2.3.1 ‘Normal’ Science-as-Project | 32 |
| 2.3.2 Inter-, Multi-, Cross-, and Trans-TribalResearch-as-Project | 34 |
| 2.3.3 The Project of Researcher-Participant Collaboration | 35 |
| 2.4 Epistemologies Across Sciences and Projects:Types of Knowledge and Knowing | 36 |
| 2.5 Can Method and Design be Methodological? | 39 |
| 2.6 Conclusions: The Discovery of Science Itself | 42 |
| References | 42 |
| Part II Research Approachesfor Innovation and Change | 45 |
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| Chapter 3 Design-Based Research | 46 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 46 |
| 3.2 Characteristic Elements | 47 |
| 3.3 Conducting a Design Study | 49 |
| 3.3.2 Experimenting to Support Learning | 50 |
| 3.3.3 Conducting Retrospective Analyses | 51 |
| 3.3.4 Argumentative Grammar: The Logicof Design-Based Research | 52 |
| 3.4 Methodological Challenges and Extensions:Designing and Design Methods | 54 |
| 3.5 Conclusions:What About the Link to Policy? | 55 |
| References | 57 |
| Chapter 4 Design-Based Research: Reflections on SomeEpistemological Issues and Practices | 60 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 60 |
| 4.2 Epistemological Issues | 62 |
| 4.3 Insularity in the DBR Literature | 63 |
| 4.4 Looking Towards Engineering for Research Guidance | 64 |
| 4.5 Conclusion | 65 |
| References | 65 |
| Chapter 5 Action Research in Education and SocialWork | 66 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 66 |
| 5.2 The Problem Space in Which Action Research Occurs | 66 |
| 5.3 The Apparatus of Action Research | 67 |
| 5.4 Action Research in Practice: Examples | 69 |
| 5.4.1 Disengaged Boys | 69 |
| 5.4.2 Towards Better Practice | 70 |
| 5.5 Issues and Debates | 72 |
| 5.6 Conclusion | 75 |
| References | 76 |
| Chapter 6 Action Research and Professional Learning:Some Reflections on Inquiries that AdvanceProfessional Knowledge and Practice | 79 |
| 6.1 Introduction | 79 |
| 6.2 Action Research as a Methodology for Reformingand Deepening Professional Knowledge | 79 |
| 6.3 Action Research: Individual or Collaborative? | 80 |
| 6.4 Different Notions of Theory are Important | 81 |
| 6.5 Linking Reflection with Dialogue | 82 |
| 6.6 Blurring Action Research and Action Learning Processes | 82 |
| 6.6.1 Research About the Quality of Teaching | 83 |
| 6.6.2 Aligning Teaching, Learning and Assessment | 83 |
| 6.6.3 Collaborative Action Research | 83 |
| 6.7 Concluding Comments | 84 |
| References | 85 |
| Chapter 7 Ethnomethodological Research in Educationand the Social Sciences: Studying ‘the Business,Identities and Cultures’ of Classrooms | 86 |
| 7.1 Introduction: The Development of Ethnomethodology | 86 |
| 7.2 Illustrating Aspects of Method and Methodology | 90 |
| 7.3 Issues, Debates, and Conclusions | 95 |
| References | 96 |
| Chapter 8 Drama Education, Ethnomethodology,and ‘Industrious Chatter’ | 100 |
| 8.1 Introduction | 100 |
| 8.2 Some Context: Discovering Ethnomethodology | 100 |
| 8.3 Some Context: What Drama EducationLearning Looks Like | 101 |
| 8.4 What Ethnomethodology Has to Offer DramaClassroom Research | 101 |
| 8.5 Some Uses of Ethnomethodological Approachesin Drama Learning | 102 |
| 8.6 Some Methodological Challenges | 103 |
| 8.7 Drama Education and Ethnomethodology:Research in Classrooms | 104 |