: Paul van Lindert, Otto Verkoren
: Paul Lindert, Otto Verkoren
: Decentralized Development in Latin America Experiences in Local Governance and Local Development
: Springer-Verlag
: 9789048137398
: 1
: CHF 87.00
:
: Sonstiges
: English
: 217
: Wasserzeichen/DRM
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF
Much of the scholarly and professional literature on development focuses either on the 'macro' level of national policies and politics or on the 'micro' level of devel- ment projects and household or community socio-economic dynamics. By contrast, this collection pitches itself at the 'meso' level with a comparative exploration of the ways in which local institutions - municipalities, local governments, city authorities, civil society networks and others - have demanded, and taken on, a greater role in planning and managing development in the Latin American region. The book's rich empirical studies reveal that local institutions have engaged upwards, with central authorities, to shape their policy and resource environments and in turn, been pressured from 'below' by local actors contesting the ways in which the structures and processes of local governance are framed. The examples covered in this volume range from global cities, such as Mexico and Santiago, to remote rural areas of the Bolivian and Brazilian Amazon. As a result the book provides a deep understanding of the diversity and complexity of local governance and local development in Latin America, while avoiding the stereotyped claims about the impact of globalisation or the potential benefits of decentralisation, as frequently stated in less empirically grounded analysis.
List of Abbreviations5
Foreword7
Contents9
Chapter 111
Local Governance and Local Development in Latin America: Views from Above and Below11
From State-led to Market-led Development12
Decentralisation and the Role of Local Government14
Local Governance19
Box 1.1 .The role of local government under the new vision of local governance (Shah and Shah 2006, p. 43)20
Planning for Regional Development in Latin America22
Planning for Local Development24
Box 1.2 .Local and regional development: old vs. new approaches (Pike et al. 2007, p. 17.)24
The Contributions to This Book28
Chapter 233
From Polarization to Fragmentation. Recent Changes in Latin American Urbanization33
Changing Economic and Social Conditions in Latin America34
Additional Causes for Socio-spatial Segregation and the Rise of Gated Communities in Latin America35
Types of Gated Communities36
The Distribution of Gated Communities39
Modelling the Fragmented City40
Consequences for the Social Contract in Latin America43
Chapter 345
Territory, Local Governance, and Urban Transformation: The Processes of Residential Enclave Building in Lima, Peru45
The Concept of ‘Condominisation’46
Residential Enclaves in Latin America48
Residential Enclave Building in Lima48
Subsequently Enclosed Neighbourhoods50
Regulation of Security Measures51
Informalisation of the Security Landscape52
The Framework for ‘Condominisation’ in Lima Metropolitana53
Local Crime and Security Discourses53
Weakness and Inefficiency of Public Authorities53
Residential Enclave Las Flores54
Residential Enclave Sta. Patricia56
Conclusion57
Chapter 459
Global Cities and the Governance of Commodity Chains: A Case Study From Latin America159
Global City Formation and the Deepened Integration of Mexico and Chile in the World Economy61
Globalisation and the Role of Financial Service Intermediaries in Mexico and Chile63
The Financial Service Sector in Mexico and Chile64
Empirical Basis and Method65
Empirical Findings66
Ranking of Asset Managers in Mexico and Chile367
Empirical Assessment: Comparing Bloomberg and GaWC data67
Interpretation of the Empirical Findings75
Conclusion: Towards a Geography of Governance in Global Commodity Chains76
Chapter 578
The Impact of Decentralisation on Local Development: The Case of Bolivia78
The Concept of Local Development Revisited78
Bolivia’s Decentralisation Programme81
Introducing the Research Area: Six Rural Municipalities in Chuquisaca83
Impact on Local Development85
Generating Funds86
Main Characteristics of Local Investments89
The Impact of Decentralization on Local Employment92
Conclusion94
Chapter 696
Political Reforms and Local Development in the Bolivian Amazon96
Political Reforms in Bolivia – Hollow Words or Drastic Change?97
Historical Context97
The Reforms98
Conditions for Successful Implementation101
The Amazon Region of Bolivia: Effects of Institutional Reforms in a Peripheral Region101
Geographical Conditions102
Economic Conditions102
Civil Society Activity103
Problems and Effects of the Reforms: Participation104
Problems and Effects of the Reforms: Decentralisation106
Conclusion107
Chapter 7109
The Changing Role of Farmers’ Organisations in Rural Development and Decentralisation in Bolivia109
The Research Area110
Different Forms of Economic-Productive Organisation in the Research Area111
Comparison of the Different Organisational Forms at the Village Level113
Roles of Peasant Organisations and Other Institutions in Rural Areas115
The New Role of the State: Implications for Forms of Organisation in Rural Areas117
Final Reflections118
Chapter 8120
Constructing Regional Integration from Below: Cross-border Partnerships and Local Development in Southwest Amazonia120
The Major Processes of Socio-economic Change in Southwest Amazonia120
From a Borderless Indigenous Territory to a Provider of Raw Materials120
The Emergence of an Agricultural Front122
The Emergence of a Cattle Front123
The Emergence of an Urban Front124
Processes of Political Change125
Increasing Incorporation in National Development Processes125
Social Organisation and Political Awareness125
State Decentralisation126
Increasing Influence of Regional Politics127
Towards Increased Regional Integration128
Increasing Cross-border Activities128
The ‘MAP’ Initiative as a Catalyst for Regional Integration130
Is the