| Contents | 8 |
---|
| Contributors | 10 |
---|
| About the Authors | 12 |
---|
| 1 Introduction: The Archaeology and Preservation of North American Gendered Landscapes | 16 |
---|
| Defining Cultural Landscapes | 18 |
| Gendering Power Dynamics in Historic Cultural Landscapes | 19 |
| Expanding Landscape Archaeology into the Present | 20 |
| Volume Organization | 21 |
| References | 28 |
| Part I Gendering Native American Landscapes | 34 |
---|
| 2 The Clearings and The Woods: The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Landscape -- Gendered and Balanced | 35 |
| Introduction: The Haudenosaunee and Their Landscape | 35 |
| From Seascape to Landscape: The Haudenosaunee Gendered Origin Account of the World | 38 |
| The Longhouse and the Gendered Landscape | 39 |
| The Balance of All Life | 40 |
| The Balance of The Clearings and The Woods | 42 |
| The Interdependent Landscapes of Confederacy, Nation, and Clan | 49 |
| The Dual Identity of The Woods and Spheres of Responsibility | 50 |
| The Thanksgiving Address: A Summary of the Haudenosaunee Worldview | 53 |
| The Woods: ''One Bowl'' | 54 |
| Different Trees in a Different Forest: The Clearings and the Woods | 54 |
| The Seventh Generation | 55 |
| Transformations in The Clearings and The Woods | 55 |
| Preservation and Continuity: The Clearings and the Woods Today | 59 |
| References | 63 |
| 3 Gender Dynamics, Routine Activities, and Place in Haudenosaunee Territory: An Archaeological Case Study from the Cayuga Region of Central New York State | 70 |
| Introduction | 70 |
| The Landscape of Central New York State | 70 |
| Gender Dynamics and Routine Practice | 74 |
| Haudenosaunee Social Practice | 74 |
| Spatial Patterning | 75 |
| Temporal Patterning | 77 |
| Archaeological Patterning | 78 |
| Sites and Context of Material Examined | 80 |
| Data Discussion | 80 |
| Interpretations and Conclusions | 83 |
| Landscape and Site Preservation Issues | 85 |
| References | 86 |
| Part II Gendering African-American Landscapes | 91 |
---|
| 4 Sweepin Spirits: Power and Transformation on the Plantation Landscape | 92 |
| Introduction | 92 |
| The First Hermitage | 93 |
| The Shaping of a Landscape | 97 |
| Transforming the Middle Quarter | 100 |
| Preservation | 101 |
| Conclusion | 103 |
| References | 104 |
| 5 African-American Women, Power, and Freedom in the Contested Landscape of Camp Nelson, Kentucky | 106 |
| Introduction | 106 |
| Camp Nelson in the Civil War | 107 |
| Archaeology of a Refugee Encampment | 110 |
| Ejection and the Home for Colored Refugees | 117 |
| Preservation and Interpretation | 118 |
| Conclusion | 120 |
| References | 121 |
| 6 Remembering the Women of Vine Street: Archaeology and Historic Preservation of an Urban Landscape in Lancaster, Pennsylvania | 124 |
| Introduction | 124 |
| Lancasters Dynamic Landscape | 125 |
| The Development of Lancaster's Urban Landscape | 126 |
| The Urban Landscape of Lot 134 | 128 |
| The Women of Vine Street | 130 |
| Lydia Hamilton Smith: 1845--1868 | 131 |
| Mrs. Smith's Landscape | 132 |
| Catherine Effinger: 1870--1901 | 135 |
| Mrs. Effinger's Landscapes | 136 |
| Catherine Amelia Effinger Lebkicker: 1870--1910 | 136 |
| Mrs. Lebkicker's Landscapes | 139 |
| The Sarahs Caldwell and Lizze Speilman: 1880--1890 | 140 |
| The Misses Caldwells' Landscapes | 141 |
| Preservation Efforts: Landscapes of the 21st Century | 142 |
| Conclusion | 144 |
| References | 146 |
| Part III Gendering Multi-ethnic Landscapes | 150 |
---|
| 7 (Re)Constructing la Tierra de la Guerra: An Indo-Hispano Gendered Landscape on the Rito Colorado Frontier of Spanish Colonial New Mexico | 151 |
| Introduction | 151 |
| Identities on the Northern Frontier | 152 |
| Gendered Landscape | 155 |
| Previous Settlement in the Rito Colorado Valley: Palimpsests of Place | 156 |
| The Tactical Landscape: Frontlines of la tierra de guerra | 157 |
| The Engineered Landscape: A Background to acequia Agriculture | 160 |
| The Ritual Landscape: Exploring espacio sagrado | 161 |
| Protecting a Guardian of the Frontier: Preservation and Archaeology of a Colonial Buffer Village Landscape | 163 |
| Preservation Efforts | 166 |
| Conclusion | 169 |
| References | 170 |
| 8 Sailors Snug Harbor: A Landscape of Gender and Power | 175 |
| Introduction | 175 |
| Brief Historical Background of Sailors Snug Harbor | 177 |
| Archaeological Research at Sailors Snug Harbor | 179 |
| Landscape Hierarchy | 180 |
| Thomas Melville, Governor of Sailors Snug Harbor (18671884) | 180 |
| Gendered Space for Working-Class Women | 184 |
| Matron and Melville | 186 |
| Gendered Space for the Retired Sailors | 187 |
| Landscapes of Intemperance | 189 |
| Power Battles Between Melville and the Sailors | 190 |
| Landscapes of Power | 191 |
| Conclusion and Preservation Challenges | 192 |
| References | 194 |
| 9 Gendered Power Dynamics Among Religious Sects, Ethnic Groups, and Classes, in Jewish Communities on Greater Bostons Landscape at the Turn of the Century | 198 |
| Historical Diversity in Gender Systems of Jewish Immigrants to America and Boston | 199 |
| The Development of Diverse Jewish Sects and Gender Systems on Bostons Landscape | 201 |
| Gendering Jewish Charities | 207 |
| Dramaturgical Exploration of Jewish Immigrant Gender Power Dynamics | 210 |
| The Orthodox Vilna Shul on Beacon Hill, in Bostons West End | 219 |
| Preservation of the Vilna Shul | 222 |
| Conclusion | 224 |
| Appendix 1 | 225 |
| Appendix 2 | 228 |
| References | 233 |
| Part IV Gendering Religious Landscapes | 240 |
---|
| 10 The Dynamics of a Shaker Landscape in Canterbury,New Hampshire | 241 |
| Introduction | 241 |
| Shaker Ideology, Duality, and Gender Issues | 242 |
| Shaker Gendered Architecture and Landscape | 246 |
| Canterbury Shaker Archaeology | 248 |
|