: Jaap Stoker, Stuart A. Taylor, John O. L. Delancey
: Jaap Stoker, Stuart A. Taylor, John O.L. Delancey
: Imaging Pelvic Floor Disorders Forew.: Baert, Albert L.
: Springer-Verlag
: 9783540719687
: 2
: CHF 95.20
:
: Klinische Fächer
: English
: 277
: Wasserzeichen/DRM
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF

This volume builds on the success of the first edition of Imaging Pelvic Floor Disorders and is aimed at those practitioners with an interest in the imaging, diagnosis and treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction. Concise textual information from acknowledged experts is complemented by high-quality diagrams and images to provide a thorough update of this rapidly evolving field. Introductory chapters fully elucidate the anatomical basis underlying disorders of the pelvic floor. State of the art imaging techniques and their application in pelvic floor dysfunction are then discussed in detail. Additions since the first edition include consideration of the effect of aging and new chapters on perineal ultrasound, functional MRI and MRI of the levator muscles. The closing sections of the book describe the modern clinical management of pelvic floor dysfunction, including prolapse, urinary and faecal incontinence and constipation, with specific emphasis on the integration of diagnostic and treatment algorithms.
Foreword5
Preface6
Table of contents 7
1 The Anatomy of the Pelvic Floor and Sphincters9
1.1 Introduction9
1.2 Embryology10
1.2.1 Cloaca and Partition of the Cloaca10
1.2.2 Bladder11
1.2.3 Urethra11
1.2.4 Vagina11
1.2.5 Anorectum12
1.2.6 Pelvic Floor Muscles12
1.2.7 Fascia and Ligaments12
1.2.8 Perineum12
1.2.9 Newborn12
1.3 Anatomy13
1.3.1 Pelvic Wall13
1.3.1.1 Tendineus Arcs15
1.3.2 Pelvic Floor16
1.3.2.1 Supportive Connective Tissue (Endopelvic Fascia)16
1.3.2.1.1 Endopelvic Fascia16
1.3.2.2 Pelvic Diaphragm16
1.3.2.2.1 Coccygeus Muscle16
1.3.2.2.2 Levator Ani Muscle16
1.3.2.3 Perineal Membrane (Urogenital Diaphragm)17
1.3.2.4 Superfi cial Layer (External Genital Muscles)18
1.3.2.4.1 Transverse Perineal Muscles19
1.3.3 Bladder20
1.3.3.1 Detrusor21
1.3.3.2 Adventitia21
1.3.3.3 Bladder Support21
1.3.3.4 Neurovascular Supply21
1.3.4 Urethra and Urethral Support22
1.3.4.1 Female Urethra22
1.3.4.1.1 Urethral Mucosa22
1.3.4.1.2 Smooth Muscle Urethral Coat22
1.3.4.1.3 External Urethral Sphincter23
1.3.4.2 Male Urethra23
1.3.4.2.1 Lining of the Male Urethra23
1.3.4.2.2 Preprostatic Urethra23
1.3.4.2.3 Prostatic Urethra24
1.3.4.2.4 Membranous Urethra and Spongiose Urethra24
1.3.4.3 Urethral Support24
1.3.5 Uterus and Vagina26
1.3.5.1 Uterus and Vaginal Support26
1.3.6 Perineum and Ischioanal Fossa27
1.3.6.1 Perineal Body27
1.3.6.2 Ischioanal Fossae27
1.3.6.3 Perianal Connective Tissue28
1.3.7 Rectum28
1.3.7.1 Rectal Wall29
1.3.7.2 Rectal Support29
1.3.7.3 Neurovascular Supply of the Rectum29
1.3.8 Anal Sphincter29
1.3.8.1 Lining of the Anal Canal30
1.3.8.2 Internal Anal Sphincter31
1.3.8.3 Intersphincteric Space31
1.3.8.4 Longitudinal Layer31
1.3.8.5 External Anal Sphincter31
1.3.8.6 Pubovisceral (Puborectal) Muscle33
1.3.8.7 Anal Sphincter Support33
1.3.8.8 Anal Sphincter Anatomy Variance and Ageing33
1.3.8.9 Neurovascular Supply of the Anal Sphincter34
1.3.9 Nerve Supply of the Pelvic Floor35
1.3.9.1 Somatic Nerve Supply35
1.3.9.2 Autonomic Nerve Supply35
References35
2 Functional Anatomy of the Pelvic Floor38
2.1 Introduction38
2.2 Support of the Pelvic Organs38
2.2.1 Endopelvic Fascia39
2.2.2 Uterovaginal Support40
2.2.3 Apical Prolapse Uterus or Vaginal Apex
2.2.4 Anterior Wall Support and Urethra42
2.2.5 Posterior Support44
2.2.6 Levator Ani Muscles45
2.2.7 Pelvic Floor Muscles and Endopelvic Fascia Interactions46
2.2.8 Perineal Membrane and External Genital Muscles47
2.3 Functional Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract47
2.3.1 Bladder47
2.3.1.1 Vesical Neck49
2.3.2 Urethra49
2.3.2.1 Striated Urogenital Sphincter49
2.3.2.2 Urethral Smooth Muscle49
2.3.2.3 Submucosal Vasculature49
2.3.2.4 Glands49
References49
3 Pelvic Floor Muscles-Innervation, Denervation and Ageing51
3.1 Introduction51
3.2 Innervation and Neural Control51
3.2.1 Somatic Motor System52
3.2.2 Sensory Control53
3.2.3 Sensory-Motor Integration in PFM Control54
3.2.4 Neural Control Manifesting as PFM Activity Patterns55
3.3 Neural Control of Sacral Functions57
3.3.1 Lower Urinary Tract Function and PFM58
3.3.2 Anorectal Function and PFM58
3.3.3 Sexual Behaviour and PFM59
3.4 Ageing and PFM Changes59
3.5 Vaginal Delivery and Neuromuscular Injury61
3.6 Conclusion62
References63
4 Imaging Techniques66
4.1 Evacuation Proctography and Dynamic Cystoproctography66
4.1.1 Evacuation Proctography66
4.1.1.1 Introduction66
4.1.1.2 Technique66
4.1.1.3 Normal Findings68
4.1.1.3.1 Pre-Evacuation68
4.1.1.3.2 Evacuation69
4.1.1.3.3 Post-Evacuation70
4.1.1.3.4 Additional Manoeuvres70
4.1.1.3.5 Radiological Report70
4.1.1.4 Alternative Approaches70
4.1.2 Dynamic Cystoproctography71
4.1.2.1 Introduction71
4.1.2.2 Technique71
4.1.2.3 Normal Findings and Defi nition of Prolapse72
4.1.2.3.1 Rectocoele73
4.1.2.3.2 Cystocoele73
4.1.2.3.3 Enterocoele and Sigmoidocoele74
4.1.2.3.4 Peritoneocoele76
4.1.2.3.5 Vaginal Vault Prolapse76
4.1.2.4 Comparison with Physical Examination76
4.1.3 Summary77
References77
4.2 Dynamic MR Imaging of the Pelvic Floor79
4.2.1 Abstract Role of MR in Evaluating Pelvic Floor Disorders