ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

Methane Gas Hydrate

:	Ayhan Demirbas
:	Methane Gas Hydrate
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781848828728
:	1
:	CHF 136.20
:

:	Wärme-, Energie- und Kraftwerktechnik
:	English

:	186
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Gas hydrates represent one of the world's largest untapped reservoirs of energy and, according to some estimates, have the potential to meet global energy needs for the next thousand years. 'Methane Gas Hydrate' examines this potential by focusing on methane gas hydrate, which is increasingly considered a significant source of energy.

'Methane Gas Hydrate' gives a general overview of natural gas, before delving into the subject of gas hydrates in more detail and methane gas hydrate in particular. As well as discussing methods of gas production, it also discusses the safety and environmental concerns associated with the presence of natural gas hydrates, ranging from their possible impact on the safety of conventional drilling operations to their influence on Earth's climate.

'Methane Gas Hydrate' is a useful reference on an increasingly popular energy source. It contains valuable information for chemical engineers and researchers, as well as for postgraduate students.

Ayhan Demirbas is a full professor at Sila Science and Energy. He was a Professor in Energy Technologies Science at Karadeniz Technical University between 1991 and 2001, and at Selcuk University from 2003 to 2007. His research is mainly concerned with renewable and sustainable energy.

	Preface	5
	Contents	7
	Chapter 1 Introduction	10
	1.1 Global Energy Sources	10
	1.2 Fossil Fuel Sources	12
	1.2.1 The History of Petroleum	13
	1.2.2 Petroleum Refining	15
	1.2.3 Petroleum Products and Fuels	18
	1.2.4 Coal	22
	1.2.5 Chemicals and Fuels from Coal	24
	1.2.6 Natural Gas	26
	1.2.7 Gas Hydrates	26
	1.2.8 Oil Shale	27
	1.2.9 Tar Sands	28
	1.2.10 Natural Bitumen and Extra-heavy Oil	29
	1.3 Renewable Energy Sources	30
	1.3.1 Biomass	31
	1.3.1.1 Marine Biomass	37
	1.3.1.2 Biofuels from Biomass	38
	1.3.1.3 Bio-oil	43
	1.3.1.4 Biogas	45
	1.3.1.5 Fischer-Tropsch Liquids	46
	1.3.1.6 Biohydrogen	47
	1.3.1.7 Sugar from Biomass	49
	1.3.2 Hydropower	52
	1.3.3 Geothermal Energy	55
	1.3.4 Wind Energy	56
	1.3.5 Solar Energy	57
	1.3.6 Other Renewable Energy Sources	59
	1.3.7 Municipal Solid Waste and Landfill Gas	59
	1.4 Nuclear Fuel Sources	61
	1.5 Summary	62
	Chapter 2 Natural Gas	66
	2.1 Introduction	66
	2.2 Definition and History	68
	2.3 Origin of Natural Gas	69
	2.4 Natural Gas Resources	70
	2.5 Natural Gas Production, Consumption, and Distribution	71
	2.6 Compressed Natural Gas	74
	2.7 Liquefied Natural Gas	75
	2.8 Contribution of Natural Gas to Global Warning	76
	2.9 Use of Natural Gas	77
	2.9.1 Industrial Uses	78
	2.9.2 Residential Use	79
	2.9.3 Electricity Generation using Natural Gas	80
	2.9.4 Commercial Use	81
	2.9.5 Natural Gas in the Transportation Sector	81
	2.10 Importance of Natural Gas	82
	2.11 Environmental Impacts	82
	2.12 Summary	84
	Chapter 3 Gas Hydrates	86
	3.1 Introduction	86
	3.1.1 Definition	88
	3.1.2 History	89
	3.1.3 Gas Hydrate Origin and Formation	90
	3.1.4 Clathrates and Crystalline Clathrate Solids	94
	3.1.5 Storage of Hydrogen in Clathrates	95
	3.2 Chemical Structures	96
	3.2.1 Chemical Structure of the Water Molecule	96
	3.2.2 Chemical Structure of the Methane Molecule	98
	3.2.3 Crystalline Structure of Water Ice	99
	3.2.4 Crystalline Structure of Gas Hydrate	100
	3.3 Crystal Types of Gas Hydrates	101
	3.3.1 Clathrate Structure I	103
	3.3.2 Clathrate Structure II	104
	3.3.3 Clathrate Structure H	105
	3.4 Methane Gas Fuel	107
	3.4.1 Combustion of Methane	109
	3.4.2 Main Reactions of Methane	112
	3.5 Summary	116
	Chapter 4 Methane Gas Hydrate: as a Natural Gas Source	122
	4.1 Introduction	122
	4.2 Importance of Methane Hydrates	123
	4.3 Global Climate Change	125
	4.3.1 Air Pollution	125
	4.3.2 Greenhouse Effect	130
	4.3.3 Global Warming	131
	4.3.4 Arguments Against Global Warming	134
	4.3.5 Kyoto Protocol	134
	4.3.6 Carbon Credits	135
	4.3.7 Carbon Sequestration	136
	4.4 Effects of Methane Hydrates on Climate Change	137
	4.5 World's Methane Hydrate Resources	141
	4.5.1 Gas Hydrates on the North Slope, Alaska	145
	4.5.2 Gas Hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico	145
	4.5.3 Gas Hydrates in Russia's West Siberian Basin	146
	4.5.4 Gas Hydrates in Canada	146
	4.5.5 Projects Related to Methane Hydrates in Japan, India, China, Malaysia, and Korea	147
	4.5.6 A Case Study: Methane Hydrates in the Black Sea	148
	4.6 Properties of Methane Hydrates	150
	4.7 Methane Hydrate Stability	152
	4.8 Facilities for Recovery of Methane from Methane Hydrate	156
	4.8.1 Disposal of Impurities from Methane	157
	4.8.2 Gas Hydrate Research and Development	157
	4.9 Properties of Seawater	159
	4.10 Summary	163
	Chapter 5 Processes for Methane Production from Gas Hydrates	170
	5.1 Introduction	170
	5.2 Depressurization Process	172
	5.3 Thermal Stimulation Process	174
	5.4 Chemical Inhibitor Injection Process	175
	5.5 Gas Hydrate Reservoirs	178
	5.5.1 Arctic Hydrates	178
	5.5.2 Marine Hydrates	179
	5.6 Seafloor Drilling of the Hydrate Zone for Exploration and Production of Methane	180
	5.7 Possible Transportation Routes	183
	5.8 Economic and Political Issues	185
	5.9 Summary	186
	Index	192