ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

Biorefineries For Biomass Upgrading Facilities

:	Ayhan Demirbas
:	Biorefineries For Biomass Upgrading Facilities
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781848827219
:	1
:	CHF 136.20
:

:	Wärme-, Energie- und Kraftwerktechnik
:	English

:	240
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Industrial biorefineries have been identified as the most promising routes to the creation of a bio-based economy. Partial biorefineries already exist in some energy crop, forest-based, and lignocellulosic product facilities.Biorefineries: For Biomass Upgrading Facilitiesexamines the variety of different technologies which integrated bio-based industries use to produce chemicals; biofuels; food and feed ingredients; biomaterials; and power from biomass raw materials. Conversion technologies are also covered, since biomass can be converted into useful biofuels and biochemicals via biomass upgrading and biorefinery technologies.

Biore ineries: For Biomass Upgrading Facilities will prove a practical resource for chemical engineers, and fuel and environmental engineers. It will also be invaluable in academic fields, providing useful information for both researchers and students.

Ayhan Demirbas is a full professor at Sila Science and Energy, Turkey. He was a professor in Energy Technologies Science at Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey, between 1991 and 2001, and at Selcuk University, Turkey, from 2003 to 2007. His research is mainly concerned with renewable and sustainable energy.

	Preface	5
	Contents	7
	1 Introduction	10
	1.1 Introduction	10
	1.2 Short Supply of Petroleum	12
	1.3 Coal, Coal Liquefaction, and Refining	20
	1.4 Natural Gas	25
	1.5 Oil Shale and Tar Sands	29
	1.6 Natural Bitumen and Extra- Heavy Oil	31
	1.7 Introduction to Renewable and Biorenewable Sources	33
	References	40
	2 Fuels from Biomass	42
	2.1 Introduction	42
	2.2 The Chemistry of Biomass	51
	2.3 Biomass Conversion Processes	56
	2.4 Chemicals from Biomass	59
	2.5 Biofuels from Biomass	67
	2.6 Barriers to the Development of Biofuels	79
	References	80
	3 Biorefinery	83
	3.1 Introduction	83
	3.2 Definitions of Biorefinery	86
	3.3 The History of Biorefinery	89
	3.4 Petroleum Refinery and Biorefinery	93
	References	99
	4 Transportation Fuels	101
	4.1 Introduction	101
	4.2 Gasoline or Petrol	102
	4.3 Diesel Fuel	107
	4.4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas	110
	4.5 Compressed Natural Gas	111
	4.6 Hydrogen	112
	4.7 Biorenewable Liquid Fuels	113
	4.8 Biorenewable Gaseous Fuels	117
	References	120
	5 Biomass Fractionation and Valorization	122
	5.1 Introduction	122
	5.2 Biomass Fractionation and Valorization Facilities	124
	5.3 Physical Valorization Facilities of Biomass	128
	5.4 Chemical Valorization Facilities of Biomass	132
	5.5 Reuse of Wood Wastes for Energy Generation	134
	5.6 Biochemical Valorization Facilities of Biomass	137
	References	139
	6 Thermochemical Processes	141
	6.1 Introduction	141
	6.2 Combustion of Biomass	144
	6.3 Liquefaction Process	145
	6.4 Pyrolysis Process	157
	6.5 Gasification Process	181
	References	195
	7 Biochemical Processes	199
	7.1 Introduction	199
	7.2 Biochemical Conversion Facilities	200
	7.3 Production of Fuels	200
	7.4 Production of Chemicals	204
	7.5 Upgrading of Biochemical Conversion Products	208
	7.6 Refining of Biochemical Conversion Products	210
	References	214
	8 Biorefining Economy	216
	8.1 Introduction	216
	References	224
	9.1 Introduction	226
	9.2 Political Impacts	227
	References	231
	10.1 Introduction	232
	10.2 Environmental Impacts	233
	References	239
	9 Political Impacts of Biorefinery	226
	10 Environmental Impacts of Biorefineries	232
	Index	241