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A Practical Guide to Frozen Section Technique

:	Barbara Beck, Catherine Susan Delia, Philip Hyam, Stephen R. Peters, Charles W. Scouten
:	Stephen R. Peters
:	A Practical Guide to Frozen Section Technique
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781441912343
:	1
:	CHF 96.60
:

:	Klinische Fächer
:	English

:	194
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

A Practical Guide to Frozen Section Technique offers an easy to learn approach to frozen section technique in the form of a highly illustrated handbook intended for onsite use in the laboratory. The book begins with a novel, clearly delineated, step by step approach to learning continuous motion brush technique. Emphasis is placed on recognizing and correcting artifacts during the preparation process. The book addresses all of the steps in the preparation of slides from cutting through cover-slipping. The author's unique, original techniques for tissue embedding including face down embedding in steel well bars, frozen block cryoembedding and paper cryoembedding are detailed. Variables key to the quality of the preparation including block temperature, tissue properties and section thickness are detailed. The book also covers understanding the cryostat and basic maintenance and care.Sections covering techniques used in Mohs dermatologic surgery, and techniques used in basic animal and human research are discussed by noted experts in their field.

A Practical Guide to Frozen Section Technique will be of great value to pathologists, pathology residents in training and also experimental pathology researchers that rely upon this methodology to perform tissue analysis in research.

	Preface	5
	Contents	8
	Contributors	9
	Understanding and Maintaining the Cryostat	10
	1.1 Operation of the Cryostat	14
	1.2 Specimen Preparation	14
	1.3 Specimen Orientation	18
	1.4 Cryostat Disinfection	18
	1.5 Cryostat Maintenance	19
	1.5.1 Checklist	19
	Gross Examination of Tissues in the Frozen Section Room	21
	2.1 Gross Examination	22
	2.1.1 Verify Specimen Labeling and Patient Identification	22
	2.1.2 Review Clinical Information	22
	2.1.3 Examine and Palpate All External Surfaces of the Specimen Carefully	23
	2.1.4 Understand the Resection Margins	23
	2.1.5 Inking Resection Margins	24
	2.1.6 Application of Ink	29
	2.1.7 Dissecting and Sectioning the Specimen	32
	2.1.8 Examining the Cut Specimen	34
	2.1.9 Taking the Sections for Frozen Sectioning	36
	2.1.10 Cytology Preparations	40
	Embedding of Tissue for Frozen Section	44
	3.1 Traditional Embedding Techniques	45
	3.1.1 Face Up Embedding	45
	3.1.2 Pre-freezing Tissue	47
	3.1.3 Face Down Embedding	47
	3.2 Face Down Cryoembedding in Well Bars: The Precision Cryoembedding System	49
	3.3 Apparatus 3.3.1 Embedding Well Bars	50
	3.3.2 Chucks	50
	3.3.3 Over-chuck Freezing Blocks	50
	3.3.4 Dispensing Slides	52
	3.3.5 Embedding Shelf	52
	3.4 Face Down Cryoembedding in Well Bars: Technique	52
	3.5 Face Down Cryoembedding in Well Bars – The Elements in Detail 3.5.1 Use of the Dispensing Slide	55
	3.5.2 Application of Embedding Medium and Tissue	56
	3.5.3 Super Flat Embedding	56
	3.5.4 Looking Through the Dispensing Slide	56
	3.5.5 Flimsy Tissues and Friction	57
	3.5.6 Dealing with Multiple Samples	57
	3.5.7 Use Your Imagination	58
	3.5.8 Placement of Tissue in the Well	58
	3.5.9 Using Forceps to Embed	59
	3.5.10 Standing Tissue on Edge and on Point	59
	3.5.11 Use of the Flattening Forceps	60
	3.5.12 Filling the Well with Medium	60
	3.5.13 Parallel Faces	61
	3.5.14 Use of the Over-chuck Freezing Block	62
	3.5.15 Releasing the Block	62
	3.6 Reducing Freezing Artifact	63
	3.6.1 Colder Well Bar Temperature	63
	3.6.2 Pre-chilling Tissue	63
	3.6.3 Cold Embedding Medium	63
	3.6.4 Freezing Semi-liquid Samples	64
	3.6.5 Embedding Snap Frozen Tissue Samples	64
	3.7 The Cut Off Technique	64
	3.8 Plastering Technique	66
	3.9 Paper Embedding	68
	3.9.1 Paper Embedding Multiple Tissue Sections on Edge: The Book	70
	3.9.2 Paper Embedding Membrane Roll	70
	3.9.3 Paper Embedding very Thin Tissues on Face	70
	3.9.4 Further Details on Paper Embedding	71
	3.10 Frozen Block Cryoembedding	73
	3.11 Apparatus 3.11.1 Cutting Board/Freezing Griddle	73
	3.11.2 Elevated Freezing Block	74
	3.12 Frozen Block Cryoembedding Technique	74
	3.12.1 Bowel on the Griddle	75
	3.13 Frozen Block Cryoembedding Details 3.13.1 Making the Frozen Block	76
	3.13.2 How Do I Know When the Block Is Frozen?	77
	3.13.3 Removing the Frozen Block	77
	3.13.4 Cutting the Frozen Block Fig. 3.22g–i	77
	3.13.5 Putting the Tissue Pieces in the Wells Fig. 3.22j	78
	3.13.6 Filling the Well	78
	3.14 Orienting the Anatomy of Tissue Relative to the Blade	79
	References	81
	Cutting the Frozen Section	82
	4.1 Taking Sections on the Cryostat: Brush or Antiroll Device?	83
	4.2 Continuous Motion Frozen Section Brush Technique 4.2.1 Insert the Chuck and Check the Cryostat	84
	4.2.2 The Frozen Section Brush	85
	4.2.3 The Blade	86
	4.2.4 Body Position	87
	4.2.5 Holding the Brush	88
	4.2.6 Trimming the Block	90
	4.2.7 Cutting the Final Sections	95
	4.2.8 Retrieving the Section	98
	4.2.9 Teaching Continuous Motion	100
	Variables Affecting the Cutting Properties of Tissues and the Resulting Artifacts	103
	5.1 Temperature of the Block	104
	5.1.1 Adjusting the Temperature of the Block	106
	5.1.2 Starting at the Crumple Stage	108
	5.1.3 Cutting Ribbons	108
	5.2 Cutting Behavior of Specific Tissues	108
	5.2.1 Softer Non-fatty Tissues	108
	5.2.2 Watery Tissues	108
	5.2.3 Tough Collagenous Tissues	109
	5.2.4 Bony Hard Tissues	109
	5.2.5 Necrotic and Liquifactive Tissues	109
	5.2.6 Fatty Tissues	110
	5.3 Curling Away	114
	5.4 How Much Tissue Can be Put in a Single Block?	116
	5.4.1 The Ability of the Cryostat to Cut Through Large Tough Portions of Tissue	116
	5.4.2 The Toughness or Hardness of the Tissue	117
	5.5 Thickness of the Section	117
	5.5.1 Thick and Thin Sections	118
	5.6 Stripes and Chatter	119
	Reference	121
	6.1 Fixation of Frozen Section Slides	122
	Fixation, Staining and Coverslipping of Frozen Section Slides	122
	6.2 Air Dried Preparations	126
	6.3 Staining of Frozen Section Slides	126
	6.4 H	126
	127	126
	6.5 Toluidine Blue	128
	6.6 Special Stains for Intraoperative Consultation	128
	6.7 What Holds Our Tissue to the Slide and Why Does It Fall Off?	129
	6.8 Coverslipping	131
	6.9 Wiping the Slide	133
	References<