| Title Page | 3 |
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| Copyright Page | 4 |
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| Dedication Page | 5 |
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| Preface | 6 |
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| References | 8 |
| Table of Contents | 9 |
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| About This Book | 11 |
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| Reference | 13 |
| Part One Heroes, Diseases, and Remedies | 14 |
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| 1 Heroes in Medical History | 15 |
| Beginning the Journey | 15 |
| An Overview of Key Events | 16 |
| Persons, Medical Advances, and Dates | 16 |
| Completeness and Relevance | 16 |
| From Superstition to Science | 17 |
| Primitive, Egyptian, Chinese, and Babylonian Medicine | 17 |
| Primitive Healers and Mind-Body Medicine | 17 |
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine: A Comprehensive Approach to Medicine (Beginning ca. 2900 BCE) | 18 |
| Ancient Chinese Medicine: Herbal Treatment and Acupuncture (Beginning ca. 2700 BCE) | 18 |
| Ancient Babylonian Medicine: The Code of Hammurabi (Beginning ca. 2250 BCE) | 19 |
| Greco-Roman Medicine (ca. Fifth Century BCE-Fifth Century CE) | 19 |
| Ancient Grecian Medicine: Hippocrates and Scientific Observation (Beginning ca. 460-377 BCE) | 19 |
| Ancient Roman Medicine: Public Health Measures (ca. First Century BCE-SOO CE) | 20 |
| Galenic System of Medicine: Claudius Galen (129-200 CE) | 20 |
| The Middle Ages (Fifth to 14th Century) | 21 |
| Critical Observation: Rhazes (850-923) | 22 |
| Systemization of Medicine: Avicenna (980-1037) | 22 |
| Scholarly Approach to Disease: Moses Maimonides (1135-1204) | 22 |
| The Renaissance and Reformation (15th and 16th Centuries) | 22 |
| Iatrochemistry: Paracelsus (1493-1542) | 23 |
| Wound Care: Ambroise Pare (ca. 1517-1564) | 23 |
| Anatomic Dissection: Vesalius (1514-1564) | 24 |
| The Seventeenth Century | 24 |
| Circulation of the Blood: William Harvey (1578-1657) | 24 |
| Classic Descriptions of Disease: Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689) | 25 |
| The Discovery of Microorganisms: Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) | 25 |
| The Eighteenth Century | 26 |
| Prevention of Scurvy: James Lind (1716-1794) | 26 |
| Surgery as an Experimental Science: John Hunter (1728-1793) | 26 |
| Digitalis Therapy of Dropsy: William Withering (1741-1799) | 27 |
| Smallpox Vaccination: Edward Jenner (1749-1823) | 28 |
| The Nineteenth Century | 29 |
| Ether Anesthesia: William T.G. Morton (1819-1868) | 29 |
| Hand Washing: Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818-1865) | 29 |
| Public Health Activism: John Snow (1813-1858) | 30 |
| Germ Theory of Disease: Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) | 31 |
| Surgical Antisepsis: Joseph Lister (1827-1912) | 31 |
| X-rays Discovered: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845-1922) | 31 |
| Discovery of Radium: Marie Curie (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie (1859-1906) | 32 |
| Patient-Centered Medicine: William Osler (1849-1919) | 32 |
| The Twentieth Century | 33 |
| Legitimization of Psychiatry: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) | 33 |
| The First | 33 |
| The First | 33 |
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| 34 | 33 |
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| U.S. Medical Education Reform: Abraham Flexner (1866-1959) | 34 |
| Pellagra Explained: Joseph Goldberger (1874-1929) | 35 |
| Discovery of Insulin: Frederick Banting (1891-1941) and Charles H. Best (1899-1978) | 36 |
| Discovery of Penicillin: Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) | 36 |
| Polio Vaccine: Jonas Salk (1914-1995) | 37 |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus Identified: Luc Montagnier (1932-) and Robert Gallo (1937-) | 38 |
| The Twenty-First Century | 38 |
| Human Genome Map: The International HapMap Consortium (2005) | 38 |
| Traits, Heroes, and Villains | 39 |
| Giants: Commonalities and Differences | 39 |
| Not All Were Physicians | 39 |
| Curiosity, Persistence, and Recklessness | 39 |
| Larger Than Life | 40 |
| Rejection | 40 |
| Writings | 40 |
| Quotations and Eponyms | 41 |
| Longevity | 41 |
| The Villains | 41 |
| References | 42 |
| 2 Diseases That Changed History | 43 |
| The Great Epidemics | 44 |
| Plague | 44 |
| Smallpox | 46 |
| Malaria | 48 |
| Syphilis | 50 |
| Influenza | 53 |
| Tuberculosis | 54 |
| Selected Short Tales of Times When Disease Influenced History | 57 |
| Black Death: One Positive Outcome | 57 |
| Yellow Fever and Slavery in America |
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