: Michael Heller
: Ultimate Explanations of the Universe
: Springer-Verlag
: 9783642021039
: 1
: CHF 47.30
:
: Astronomie
: English
: 216
: Wasserzeichen
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF

We humans are collectively driven by a powerful - yet not fully explained - instinct to understand. We would like to see everything established, proven, laid bare. The more important an issue, the more we desire to see it clarified, stripped of all secrets, all shades of gray. What could be more important than to understand the Universe and ourselves as a part of it? To find a window onto our origin and our destiny? This book examines how far our modern cosmological theories - with their sometimes audacious models, such as inflation, cyclic histories, quantum creation, parallel universes - can take us towards answering these questions. Can such theories lead us to ultimate truths, leaving nothing unexplained? Last, but not least, Heller addresses the thorny problem of why and whether we should expect to find theories with all-encompassing explicative power.



Prof. Michael Heller

Birth date and place: March 12 1936, Tarnów, Poland.

1966 Ph.D. - Catholic University of Lublin, Thesis in relativistic cosmology.

1969 docent degree (assistant professorship), Catholic University of Lublin.

1985 extraordinary professorship (professor extraordinarius), Pontifical Academy of Theology, Faculty of Philosophy, Cracow.

1990 Ordinary Professorship (professor ordinarius), Pontifical Academy of Theology, Faculty of Philosophy, Cracow.

1996 Doctor honoris causa - Thechnological University A.G.H. in Cracow.

At present: professor at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Pontifical Academy of Theology, Cracow, Poland and the adjoined member of the Vatican Observatory (which is an astronomical observatory). Ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (Rome), elected in 1991.

Membership of: International Astronomical Union, International Society for General Relativity and Gravitation, European Physical Society, International Society for the Study of Time, Polskie Towarzystwo Fizyczne, Polskie Towarzystwo Astronomiczne and other societies

Fields of scientific research: Relativistic physics, in particular relativistic cosmology; geometric methods in relativistic physics, Philosophy and history of science, Science and theology

Research visits: Visiting professor at the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium (1977, 1982), Oxford University, United Kingdom (1982), Leicester University, United Kingdom (1982), Ruhr University, Germany, The Catholic University of America, Washington D.C, USA (1986), University of Arizona (Vatican Research Group), Tucson, USA (1986), Licge University, Belgium (1996), Gregorian University, Rome (2004, 2006) and others

Winner of 2008 Templeton Prize

Preface5
Contents7
1 Ultimate Explanations13
1.1 TO UNDERSTAND UNDERSTANDING13
1.2 THE TOTALITARIANISM OF THE METHOD15
1.3 MODELS17
1.4 ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLES AND OTHER UNIVERSES19
1.5 CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE22
Part 1: Models24
2 Problems With The Eternity Of The Universe25
2.1 The Eternity And Infinity Of The Universe25
2.2 The Thermal Death Hypothesis26
2.3 Einstein’S First Model27
2.4 The Universe And Philosophy29
2.5 An Expanding Vacuum30
2.6 The Crisis Of Einstein’S Philosophy31
3 A Cyclical Universe33
3.1 The Problem of The Beginning33
3.2 An Oscillating Universe34
3.3 The Recurrence Theorem36
3.4 Tolman’s Universes37
3.5 Tipler’s Theorem38
3.6 Singularities39
4 A Looped Cosmos42
4.1 Visions of Closed Time42
4.2 Kurt Gødel’s Universe43
4.3 Gott and Li’s Suggestion45
4.4 Causality and Time47
4.5 Physics and Global Time49
4.6 The Space-Time Foam50
5 Continuous Creation Versus a Beginning52
5.1 From the Static to the Steady State52
5.2 A New Cosmology is Born53
5.3 Bondi and Gold’s Universe54
5.4 Hoyle’s Universe57
5.5 In the Heat of Debate57
5.6 The Demise of the Cosmology of the Steady State59
5.7 Creation and Viscosity62
6 Something Almost Out of Nothing65
6.1 The Horizon Problem and the Flatness Problem65
6.2 The Mechanism of Inflation67
6.3 The Inflationary Scenario69
6.4 Some Critical Remarks70
7 The Quantum Creation of the Universe72
7.1 From Inflation to Creation72
7.2 A Universe Out of the Fluctuations of a Vacuum73
7.3 The Wave Function of the Universe75
7.4 Path Integrals77
7.5 Critical Remarks79
Part 2: Anthropic Principles and Other Universes81
8 The Anthropic Principles82
8.1 A Complex of the Margin82
8.2 The Era of Man83
8.3 Carter’s Lecture85
9 Natural Selection in the Population of Universes88
9.1 The Multiverse88
9.2 The Natural Selection of the Universes89
9.3 Situational Logic90
9.4 Critical Remarks91
9.5 Is Lif