| Preface | 5 |
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| Contents | 7 |
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| A Review of Tensors and Tensor Signal Processing | 10 |
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| 1 Introduction | 11 |
| 2 Tensor Definition | 11 |
| 3 Example of Tensors in Mathematics | 12 |
| 4 Example of Tensors in Physics and Engineering | 17 |
| 5 Tensors Usage in Medical Imaging | 20 |
| 6 Tensors Usage in Computer Vision | 29 |
| 7 Conclusion | 38 |
| References | 39 |
| Part I Tensors and Tensor Field Processing | 42 |
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| Segmentation of Tensor Fields: Recent Advances and Perspectives | 43 |
| 1 Introduction | 43 |
| 2 Tensors in Image Processing | 44 |
| 3 Scalar Diffusion and Anisotropy Measures | 47 |
| 4 Tensor Dissimilarity Measures | 50 |
| 5 Tensor Field Segmentation Techniques | 55 |
| 6 Summary | 59 |
| References | 60 |
| A Variational Approach to the Registration of Tensor- Valued Images | 67 |
| 1 Introduction | 67 |
| 2 The Variational Model | 69 |
| 3 Experiments | 75 |
| 4 Summary and Outlook | 82 |
| References | 84 |
| Quality Assessment of Tensor Images | 86 |
| 1 Introduction | 86 |
| 2 Background on Quality Assessment in Image Processing | 88 |
| 3 Background on Tensor Images | 91 |
| 4 Application of Quality Measures to Tensor Images | 93 |
| 5 Experiments | 98 |
| 6 Discussion | 106 |
| 7 Conclusions | 108 |
| References | 109 |
| Algorithms for Nonnegative Tensor Factorization | 111 |
| 1 Introduction | 112 |
| 2 Formulating Nonnegative Tensor Factorizations | 113 |
| 3 Solving the Optimization Problems Using Multiplicative Update Rules | 118 |
| 4 Supervised Nonnegative Tensor Factorization | 123 |
| 5 Applications of Nonnegative Tensor Factorizationss | 125 |
| 6 Conclusions and Discussion | 128 |
| References | 129 |
| PDE-based Morphology for Matrix Fields: Numerical Solution Schemes | 131 |
| 1 Introduction | 132 |
| 2 Morphology for Grey Scale Images | 133 |
| 3 Ordering Based Morphology for Matrix Fields | 140 |
| 4 PDE-based morphology for Matrix Fields | 144 |
| 5 Experimental Comparison of the Numerical Schemes | 146 |
| 6 Conclusion | 150 |
| References | 150 |
| Part II Tensors in Image Processing | 157 |
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| Spherical Tensor Calculus for Local Adaptive Filtering | 158 |
| 1 Introduction | 158 |
| 2 Spherical Tensor Analysis | 161 |
| 3 Tensorial Harmonic Expansion | 166 |
| 4 Local Adaptive Filtering with Tensorial Harmonics | 171 |
| 5 Spherical Tensor Derivatives | 174 |
| 6 local adaptive filtering with STDs | 177 |
| 7 Conclusion | 180 |
| Appendix | 181 |
| References | 182 |
| On Geometric Transformations of Local Structure Tensors | 184 |
| 1 Introduction | 184 |
| 2 Background | 185 |
| 3 Tensor Transformations | 186 |
| 4 Local Structure Tensor Fields | 188 |
| 5 Local Structure Analysis | 191 |
| 6 Experiments | 194 |
| 7 Results | 195 |
| 8 Summary | 197 |
| References | 197 |
| Part III Tensors in Computer Vision | 199 |
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| Multi-View Matching Tensors from Lines for General Camera Models | 200 |
| 1 Introduction | 200 |
| 2 Plücker Coordinates | 202 |
| 3 Lines in Space | 203 |
| 4 Multi-Focal Tensors from Lines | 204 |
| 5 Constrained Camera Models | 207 |
| 6 Experimental Results | 212 |
| 7 Conclusions | 213 |
| Acknowledgements | 214 |
| References | 214 |
| Binocular Full-Body Pose Recognition and Orientation Inference Using Multilinear Analysis | 218 |
| 1 Introduction | 218 |
| 2 Overview of the Proposed Approach | 220 |
| 3 Theoretical Background | 221 |
| 4 Multilinear Analysis of Dance Pose Images | 225 |
| 5 SVM-based Pose Recognition Using Pose Vectors | 228 |
| 6 Body Orientation Estimation Using Orientation Vector through Manifold Learning and Nonlinear Minimization | 230 |
| 7 Experimental Results | 232 |
| 8 Conclusions and FutureWork | 237 |
| References | 238 |
| Applications of Multiview Tensors in Higher Dimensions | 240 |
| 1 Introduction | 241 |
| 2 Notation and Background Material | 242 |
| 3 Higher Dimensional Spaces As Frameworks For Some Dynamic And Segmented Scenes | 243 |
| 4 Multiview Tensors in Higher Dimension | 244 |
| 5 Algorithms | 246 |
| 6 Critical Configurations and Their Loci | 248 |
| 7 Examples of Critical Loci for Projective Reconstruction | 254 |
| 8 Instability Results | 256 |
| References | 262 |
| Constraints for the Trifocal Tensor | 264 |
| 1 Introduction | 264 |
| 2 The Trifocal Tensor | 265 |
| 3 Constraints via Group Theory | 267 |
| 4 Constraints via Geometry | 269 |
| 5 A Minimal Set of Constraints | 270 |
| References | 271 |
| Part IV Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Medical Applications | 273 |
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| Review of Techniques for Registration of Diffusion Tensor Imaging | 274 |
| 1 Introduction | 274 |
| 2 Registration of DT-MRI | 276 |
| 3 Review of DT-MRI registration Algorithms | 279 |
| 4 Similarity Measures | 284 |
| 5 Diffusion Tensor Reorientation | 287 |
| 6 Performance Evaluation | 290 |
| 7 Discussion and Conclusions | 292 |
| Appendix. Scalar Measures of the Diffusion | 294 |
| References | 296 |
| Practical and Intuitive Basis for Tensor Field Processing with Invariant Gradients and Rotation Tangents | 299 |
| 1 Introduction | 299 |
| 2 Mathematical Background | 300 |
| 3 Conceptual Overview | 302 |
| 4 Invariant Gradients | 303 |
| 5 Rotation Tangents | 305 |
| 6 Example Application: Edge Detection | 306 |
| 7 Other Applications | 311 |
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