: Deborah Winkler
: Services Offshoring and its Impact on the Labor Market Theoretical Insights, Empirical Evidence, and Economic Policy Recommendations for Germany
: Physica-Verlag
: 9783790821994
: 1
: CHF 136.00
:
: Internationale Wirtschaft
: English
: 295
: Wasserzeichen/DRM
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF

Services - from information technology to research to finance - are now as subject to international trade as goods have been for decades. What are the labor market consequences of the recent surge in services offshoring? While offshoring has traditionally been found to affect only less-skilled workers in industrialized countries, this study finds that services offshoring also has negative consequences for high-skilled workers. Focusing on the case of Germany, Deborah Winkler shows how services offshoring has grown, who is most affected and what policy makers can do. Winkler measures the impact of services offshoring on German productivity, employment, and employment structure. She provides a well-balanced synthesis of theoretical insights, detailed empirical analysis, and economic policy recommendations. Although her main focus is on the case of Germany, many insights are also applicable to other developed countries.
Acknowledgements5
Preface7
Contents9
Abbreviations12
Variables15
List of Figures18
Chapter 1: Introduction23
1.1 Motivation23
1.1.1 Productivity27
1.1.2 Employment Level28
1.1.3 Employment Structure32
1.2 Outline and Methodology35
References39
Chapter 2: Framework of Services Offshoring42
2.1 Classification of Services Offshoring42
2.1.1 Definition of Services Offshoring43
2.1.1.1 Definitions of OutsourcingOutsourcing43
2.1.1.2 Definitions of OffshoringOffshoring:definitions45
2.1.1.3 Working Definition of Services OffshoringServices offshoring:definition47
2.1.2 Services and their Tradability50
2.1.2.1 Services and the Uno-Actu-Principle50
2.1.2.2 Classification of Services TradeServices:trade54
Classification of Service ProvisionService:provision according to the GeographicalLocation of Agents54
Classification of Services Trade According to the Modes of ServiceSupplyService:supply, modes of in the GATS55
2.1.2.3 Classification of Service ActivitiesService:activities57
Several Approaches of Service ClassificationsService:classification58
The Definition of Business ActivitiesBusiness activities59
Other Commercial ServicesServices:other commercial60
Other Business ServicesServices:other business61
Technological ServicesServices:technological62
Information Technology and Business Process Outsourcing Services63
2.1.3 Offshoring - A Make-or-BuyMake-or-Buy Decision64
2.1.3.1 Efficiency-Based MotivesEfficiency-Based Motives for Outsourcing65
2.1.3.2 Resource-Based Motives for Outsourcing68
The Basics of Resource-Based TheoriesResource-Based Theories68
The Decision for Outsourcing70
2.1.3.3 Transaction Cost-Based Motives for In-House Production71
The Basics of Transaction Cost-Based TheoriesTransaction Cost-Based Theories71
Transaction Costs with Market Purchases of Services72
The Decision for In-House Production73
2.2 Drivers of Services Offshoring76
2.2.1 Global Developments77
2.2.1.1 Developments in Information and Communication Technologies77
The Age of Information and Telecommunications77
Information and Communication Technologies in Developing CountriesInformation and communication technologies79
2.2.1.2 Multilateral Liberalization of Trade in ServicesLiberalization: of trade in services, multilateral81
2.2.1.3 Regional Liberalization of Trade in ServicesLiberalization: of trade in services, regional84
2.2.2 Services Offshoring MotivesServices offshoring:motives of Firms88
2.2.2.1 Market-Oriented MotivesMotives:market-oriented89
2.2.2.2 Cost-Oriented MotivesMotives:cost-oriented91
2.2.2.3 Procurement-Oriented MotivesMotives:procurement-oriented93
Procurement of Agglomeration AdvantagesAgglomeration advantages94
Procurement of Human CapitalHuman capital95
2.2.3 Developments in the Destination Countries96
2.2.3.1 Availability of Human CapitalHuman capital:in less-developed countries in Less-Developed Countries96
2.2.3.2 Presence of Multinational Companies100
2.2.3.3 Liberalization of Service SectorsLiberalization:of service sectors101
References104
Chapter 3: The Structure of Services Offshoring110
3.1 German Services Offshoring in an International Comparison110
3.1.1 Services Offshoring in a Worldwide Comparison110
3.1.1.1 The Largest Offshoring CountriesServices offshoring:countries, by services category by Services Category111
3.1.1.2 The Largest Surplus and Deficit CountriesBalance:trade, by services category by Services Category111
3.1.1.3 The Largest Overall Services OffshoringServices offshoring:countries, largest overall and OnshoringServices onshoring:116
3.1.2 Development of Services OffshoringServices offshoring:in selected OECD countries in Selected OECD Countries118
3.1.2.1 Offshoring Development by Services Category119
3.1.2.2 Changes in the Trade BalanceBalance:trade, in selected OECD countries by services category by Services Category121
3.1.2.3 Overall Development of Services OffshoringServices offshoring:development in selected OECD countries and OnshoringServ121
3.1.3 Calculation of Services Offshoring Intensities122
3.1.3.1 Input-Output TablesInput-output:tables122
3.1.3.2 Two Different Measures of Services Offshoring IntensityServices offshoring intensity:measures126
3.1.3.3 Results for Germany128
3.1.3.4 Comparison with the UK and the US129
3.1.3.5 Offshoring Intensities in OECD Countries130
3.2 Sectoral Structure of Services Offshoring133
3.2.1 Sectoral Structure of Global Services OffshoringStructure:sectoral, of global services offshoring133
3.2.1.1 The Structure of the Offshoring SectorsStructure:of the offshoring sectors133
3.2.1.2 The Structure of Offshored ServicesStructure:of offshored services