: Hermann-Josef Wagner, Jyotirmay Mathur
: Introduction to Wind Energy Systems Basics, Technology and Operation
: Springer-Verlag
: 9783642020230
: 1
: CHF 41.40
:
: Wärme-, Energie- und Kraftwerktechnik
: English
: 87
: Wasserzeichen
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF

Authors have tried to strike a balance between a short book chapter and a very detailed book for subject experts. There were three prime reasons behind doing so: first, the field is quite interdisciplinary and requires simplified presentation for a person from non-parent discipline. Second reason for this short-version of a full book is that both the authors have seen students and technically oriented people, searching for this type of book on wind energy. Third reason and motivation was considering engineers who are starting their career in wind industry. This book is targeted to present a good starting background to such professionals.



Hermann-Josef Wagner is Professor for Energy Systems and Energy Economics at the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany. He worked as a scientist for the Research Centre Juelich, for the German Parliament and for different universities. His relevant experiences are on the fields on energy systems analysis, renewable energies like wind energy and life cycle analysis. 

is a mechanical engineer postgraduate in energy studies from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; and doctorate from University of Essen, Germany. He specializes in the areas of renewable energy systems, energy policy modelling and energy efficiency. Working as Reader in the Malaviya National Institute of Technology in Jaipur, Dr. Mathur has been founder coordinator of the postgraduate program in energy engineering. He is involved with several committees of national importance in India.

Preface5
Contents6
List of Figures9
List of Tables11
About the Authors12
1 Wind Energy Today13
1.1 Status13
1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy Systems14
1.2.1 Advantages15
1.2.2 Disadvantages15
1.3 Different Types of Wind Energy Converters: An Overview15
2 Wind: Origin and Local Effects19
2.1 Origin and Global Availability19
2.2 Local Effects on Wind Flow19
2.3 Attractive Locations for Wind Energy21
2.4 Local Effects on Wind Flow22
2.4.1 Roughness Length and Wind Shear22
2.4.2 Wind Speed Variability22
2.4.3 Turbulence23
2.4.4 Obstacles to Wind Flow24
2.4.5 The Wind Wake and Park Effect25
2.4.6 The Hill Effect and Tunnel Effect25
2.5 Selecting a Turbine Site26
3 Physics of Wind Energy28
3.1 Energy Content in Wind28
3.2 Energy Conversion at the Blade30
3.3 Power Coefficients and Principles of Design32
3.3.1 Coefficient of Power c p and Betz' Law32
3.3.2 Tip Speed Ratio33
3.3.3 Power Efficiency33
3.3.4 Principles of Design35
3.4 Wind Variations35
3.4.1 Wind Shear with Height35
3.4.2 Influence of Weibull Distribution37
4 Components of a Wind Energy Converter40
4.1 Rotor Blades40
4.2 Gearboxes42
4.3 Generators43
4.3.1 Generating Voltage generating voltage 43
4.3.2 Generator Cooling System43
4.3.3 Generator Rotational Speed43
4.3.4 Two Speed, Pole Changing Generators45
4.4 Towers45
4.5 Miscellaneous Components46
5 Design Considerations51
5.1 Rotor Area of Turbines51
5.1.1 Reasons for Choosing Large Turbines51
5.1.2 Reasons for Choosing Smaller Turbines51
5.2 Number of Blades52
5.3 Horizontal or Vertical Axis Turbine53
5.4 Upwind upwind or Downwind Turbine55
5.5 Load Considerations for Turbine Selection56
5.6 Wind Turbines: With or Without Gearbox57
5.7 Requirement of Grid, Synchronous or Asynchronous Generators59
5.8 Issue of Noise and Its Control63
6 Operation and Control of Wind Energy Converters66
6.1 Power Curve and Capacity Factor66
6.1.1 Power Curve66
6.1.2 Capacity Factor67
6.2 Power Control of Wind Turbines68
6.2.1 Pitch Control69
6.2.1.1 Running a Pitch Controlled Turbine at Variable Speed70
6.2.2 Stall Control71
6.2.2.1 Passive Stall Control71
6.2.2.2 Active Stall Control72
6.2.3 The Yaw Control72
6.3 Connection to the Grid73
6.3.1 Applications of Wind Energy Converters73
6.3.2 Voltage Requirement74
6.3.3 Special Aspects of the Connection of Offshore Wind Parks74
7 Economics and Policy Issues77
7.1 Cost of Wind Turbines cost of wind turbine 77
7.1.1 Initial Cost of Wind Turbine77
7.1.2 Operation and Maintenance Costs for Wind Turbines78
7.1.2.1 Operation Maintenance Costs78
7.1.2.2 Turbine Reinvestment (Refurbishment, Major Overhauls)78
7.1.2.3 The Availability Factor availability factor 79
7.2 Electrical Tariffs79
7.3 Mechanisms to Support Funding81
7.3.1 Capacity Credit81
7.3.2 Environmental Credit environmental credit and Clear Development Mechanism82
7.3.3 Tax Benefits tax benefit 82
7.4 Wind Energy Economics82
7.4.1 Financial Analysis -- A Case Study for India83
7.4.2 Financing financing of a Wind Park -- A Case in Germany 83
7.5 Wind Turbines After Operational Life85
8 Outlook86
Glossary87
Literature88
Index89