| Foreword | 5 |
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| Preface | 6 |
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| Contents | 7 |
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| Contributors | 9 |
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| Part I Advances in Remote Biometrics | 12 |
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| Chapter 1 Biometrics at a Distance: Issues, Challenges, and Prospects | 13 |
| 1.1 Introduction | 13 |
| 1.2 Biometric Technologies | 15 |
| 1.3 Biometric Sensing from a Distance | 17 |
| 1.4 Applications and Deployment of Biometrics | 21 |
| 1.5 Privacy and Identity Management in Distributed Intelligent Systems | 27 |
| References | 29 |
| Chapter 2 Iris Recognition Beyond One Meter | 32 |
| 2.1 Background | 32 |
| 2.2 Acquisition Photons to Pixels | 42 |
| 2.3 Segmentation, Template Generation, and Matching: Pixels to Identity | 49 |
| 2.4 Issues for Iris Recognition at a Distance | 51 |
| 2.5 Current State of the Art for Iris at a Distance | 58 |
| References | 66 |
| Chapter 3 View Invariant Gait Recognition | 69 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 69 |
| 3.2 2D View Invariant Gait Recognition | 70 |
| 3.3 3D Gait Recognition | 82 |
| 3.4 Conclusions | 86 |
| References | 86 |
| Chapter 4 Advanced Technologies for Touchless Fingerprint Recognition | 90 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 90 |
| 4.2 Touchless Finger Imaging | 91 |
| 4.3 The 3D Touchless Fingerprinting | 96 |
| 4.4 Sensor Interoperability | 99 |
| 4.5 Virtual Rolling of 3D Touchless Fingerprints
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