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Speech and Audio Processing in Adverse Environments

:	Eberhard Hänsler, Gerhard Schmidt
:	Eberhard Hänsler, Gerhard Schmidt
:	Speech and Audio Processing in Adverse Environments
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783540706021
:	1
:	CHF 202.20
:

:	Elektronik, Elektrotechnik, Nachrichtentechnik
:	English

:	736
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Users of signal processing systems are never satis?ed with the system they currently use. They are constantly asking for higher quality, faster perf- mance, more comfort and lower prices. Researchers and developers should be appreciative for this attitude. It justi?es their constant e?ort for improved systems. Better knowledge about biological and physical interrelations c- ing along with more powerful technologies are their engines on the endless road to perfect systems. This book is an impressive image of this process. After 'Acoustic Echo 1 and Noise Control' published in 2004 many new results lead to 'Topics in 2 Acoustic Echo and Noise Control' edited in 2006 . Today - in 2008 - even morenew?ndingsandsystemscould ecollectedinthisbook.Comparin the contributions in both edited volumes progress in knowledge and technology becomesclearlyvisible:Blindme hodsandmultiinputsystemsrepla e'h- ble' low complexity systems. The functionality of new systems is less and less limited by the processing power available under economic constraints. The editors have to thank all the authors for their contributions. They cooperated readily in our e?ort to unify the layout of the chapters, the ter- nology, and the symbols used. It was a pleasure to work with all of them. Furthermore, it is the editors concern to thank Christoph Baumann and the Springer Publishing Company for the encouragement and help in publi- ing this book.

	Preface	6
	Contents	7
	List of Contributors	18
	Abbreviations and Acronyms	20
	1 Introduction	26
	1.1 Overview about the Book	27
	Part I Speech Enhancement	30
	2 Low Delay Filter-Banks for Speech and Audio Processing	31
	2.1 Introduction	31
	2.2 Analysis-Synthesis Filter-Banks	33
	2.3 The Filter-Bank Equalizer	47
	2.4 Further Measures for Signal Delay Reduction	62
	2.5 Application to Noise Reduction	67
	2.6 Conclusions	73
	References	74
	3 A Pre-Filter for Hands-Free Car Phone Noise Reduction: Suppression of Harmonic Engine Noise Components	80
	3.1 Introduction	80
	3.2 Analysis of the Different Car Noise Components	81
	3.3 Engine Noise Removal Based on Notch Filters	85
	3.4 Compensation of Engine Harmonics with Adaptive Filters	90
	3.5 Evaluation and Comparison of the Results Obtained by the Notch Filter and the Compensation Approach	101
	3.6 Conclusions and Summary	102
	References	104
	4 Model-Based Speech Enhancement	105
	4.1 Introduction	105
	4.2 Conventional Speech Enhancement Schemes	107
	4.3 Speech Enhancement Schemes Based on Nonlinearities	109
	4.4 Speech Enhancement Schemes Based on Speech Reconstruction	113
	4.5 Combining the Reconstructed and the Noise Suppressed Signal	140
	4.6 Summary and Outlook	149
	References	149
	5 Bandwidth Extension of Telephony Speech	151
	5.1 Introduction	151
	5.2 Organization of the Chapter	153
	5.3 Basics	154
	5.4 Non-Model-Based Algorithms for Bandwidth Extension	165
	5.5 Model-Based Algorithms for Bandwidth Extension	169
	5.6 Evaluation of Bandwidth Extension Algorithms	192
	5.7 Conclusions	197
	References	198
	6 Dereverberation and Residual Echo Suppression in Noisy Environments	201
	6.1 Introduction	202
	6.2 Problem Formulation	204
	6.3 OM-LSA Estimator for Multiple Interferences	207
	6.4 Dereverberation of Noisy Speech Signals	211
	6.5 Residual Echo Suppression	219
	6.6 Joint Suppression of Reverberation, Residual Echo, and Noise	226
	6.7 Experimental Results	228
	6.8 Summary and Outlook	239
	References	240
	7 Low Distortion Noise Cancellers – Revival of a Classical Technique	244
	7.1 Introduction	244
	7.2 Distortions in Widrow’s Adaptive Noise Canceller	245
	7.3 Paired Filter (PF) Structure	248
	7.4 Crosstalk Resistant ANC and Cross-Coupled Structure	254
	7.5 Cross-Coupled Paired Filter (CCPF) Structure	257
	7.6 Generalized Cross-Coupled Paired Filter (GCCPF) Structure	262
	7.7 Demonstration in a Personal Robot	276
	7.8 Conclusions	276
	References	278
	Part II Echo Cancellation	280
	8 Nonlinear Echo Cancellation Based on Spectral Shaping	281
	8.1 Introduction	281
	8.2 Frequency-Domain Model of Highly Nonlinear Residual Echo	282
	8.3 Echo Canceller Based on the New Residual Echo Model	288
	8.4 Evaluations	291
	8.5 DSP Implementation and Real-Time Evaluation	294
	8.6 Conclusions	294
	References	295
	Part III Signal and System Quality Evaluation	298
	9 Telephone-Speech Quality	299
	9.1 Telephone-Speech Signals	299
	9.2 Speech-Signal Quality	301
	9.3 Speech-Quality Assessment	304
	9.4 Compound-System Quality Prediction	305
	9.5 Auditory Total-Quality Assessment	306
	9.6 Auditory Quality-Attribute Analysis	310
	9.7 Instrumental Total-Quality Measurement	318
	9.8 Instrumental Attribute-Based Quality Measurements	332
	9.9 Conclusions, Outlook, and Final Remarks	343
	References	344
	10 Evaluation of Hands-free Terminals	350
	10.1 Introduction	350
	10.2 Quality Assessment of Hands-free Terminals	351
	10.3 Subjective Methods for Determining the Communicational Quality	353
	10.4 Test Environment	361
	10.5 Test Signals and Analysis Methods	365
	10.6 Result Representation	376
	10.7 Related Aspects	379
	References	386
	Part IV Multi-Channel Processing	389
	11 Correlation-Based TDOA-Estimation for Multiple Sources in Reverberant Environments	390
	11.1 Introduction	390
	11.2 Analysis of TDOA Ambiguities	392
	11.3 Estimation of Direct Path TDOAs	399
	11.4 Consistent TDOA Graphs	406
	11.5 Experimental Results	415
	11.6 Summary	423
	References	424
	12 Microphone Calibration for Multi-Channel Signal Processing	426
	12.1 Introduction	426
	12.2 Beamforming with Ideal Microphones	427
	12.3 Microphone Mis