: Alex C. Hoffmann, Louis E. Stein
: Gas Cyclones and Swirl Tubes Principles, Design, and Operation
: Springer-Verlag
: 9783540746966
: 2
: CHF 321,10
:
: Chemische Technik
: English
: 422
: Wasserzeichen
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF

Believed to be a publishing first when originally brought out, this book covers all aspects of centrifugal gas cleaning devices. These are cyclones used as gas-solid separators for dedusting and as gas-liquid separators for demisting. The optimization of cyclone performance for any given task is a sought-after goal - but it is one that is seldom achieved in practice. This second edition will help mechanical and chemical engineers to achieve this optimization.

Preface6
Foreword to the First Edition10
Foreword to the Second Edition13
Acknowledgments15
About the Authors17
Contents18
1 Introduction24
1.1 Some Historical Background24
1.2 Removal of Particles from Gases29
1.3 A Closer Look at Centrifugal Gas Cleaning Devices35
2 Basic Ideas45
2.1 Gas Flow45
2.2 Particle Motion49
2.3 Particle Size54
2.4 Particle Density59
2.A Ideal Vortex Laws from the Navier-Stokes Equations60
2.B Common Model Functions for Particle Size Distributions63
3 How Cyclones Work66
3.1 Flow in Cyclones66
3.2 Separation Efficiency72
3.3 Pressure Drop75
3.A Worked Example: Calculating a Grade-Efficiency Curve77
4 Cyclone Flow Pattern and Pressure Drop80
4.1 Discussion80
4.2 Models for the Flow Pattern85
4.3 Models for the Pressure Drop91
4.4 Model Assumptions in Light of CFD and Experiment99
4.5 Overview103
4.A Worked Example for Calculating Cyclone Pressure Drop104
4.B The Meissner and Löffler Model106
5 Cyclone Separation Efficiency109
5.1 Discussion109
5.2 Models110
5.3 Comparison of Model Predictions with Experiment.117
5.4 Overview122
5.A Worked Example for the Prediction of Cyclone Separation Performance123
5.B The Cyclone Efficiency Models of Dietz and of Mothes and Löffler126
6 The Muschelknautz Method of Modeling130
6.1 Basis of the Model131
6.2 Computation of the Inner Vortex Cut-Point, x50137
6.3 Computation of Efficiency at Low Solids Loadings139
6.4 Determining if the Mass Loading Effect will Occur141
6.5 Overall Separation Efficiency when co141
141141
6.6 Computation of Pressure Drop143
6.A Example Problems144
6.B Incorporation of the ‘Inner Feed’152
7 Computational Fluid Dynamics157
7.1 Simulating the Gas Flow Pattern158
7.2 Simulating the Particle Flow165
7.3 Some Simulations of the Gas and Particle Flow in Cyclones167
7.A Transport Equations179
8 Dimensional Analysis and Scaling Rules181
8.1 Classical Dimensional Analysis182
8.2 Scaling Cyclones in Practice186
8.A Inspecting the Equations of Motion194
8.B Sample Cyclone Scaling Calculations195
9 Other Factors Influencing Performance201
9.1 The Effect of Solids Loading201
9.2 The Effect of the Natural Vortex Length213
9.A Predicting the Effect of Solids Loading on Cyclone Efficiency223
9.B Predicting the Effect of Loading on Cyclone Pressure Drop226
10 Measurement Techniques230
10.1 Gas Flow Pattern233
10.2 Pressure Drop235
10.3 Particle Flow236
10.4 Overall Separation Efficiency237
10.5 Grade-Efficiency241
10.A Estimate of Errors248
11 Underflow Configurations and Considerations251
11.1 Underflow Configurations251
11.2 Importance of a Good Underflow Seal255
11.3 Upsets Caused by ‘Too Good’ an Underflow Seal259
11.4 Second-Stage Dipleg Solids ‘Backup’262
11.5 Hopper ‘Crossflow’264
11.6 Hopper Venting Options266
11.A Dipleg Calculation269
11.B Moment Balance on Flapper Valve Plate269
12 Some Special Topics273
12.1 Cyclone Erosion273
12.2 Critical Deposition Velocity295
12.3 High Vacuum Case297
12.A Worked Example for Calculation of the Critical Deposition Velocity299
12.B Worked Example Taking Into Account Slip in Calculation of the Cut Size299
13 Demisting Cyclones303
13.1 Liquid Creep and ‘Layer Loss’304
13.2 Demisting Cyclone Design Considerations306
13.3 Some Vapor-Liquid Cyclone Design Geometries and Features308
13.4 Estimating Inlet Drop Size for Two-Phase Mist- Annular Flow315
13.5 Modeling the Performance of Vapor-Liquid Cyclones318
13.6 Criteria for Determining if ‘Mass loading’ (‘ Saltation’) Occurs319
13.7 Re-entrainment From Demisting Cyclones321
13.A Example Calculations of Droplet Sizes in Pipe Flow327
13.B Flow Distribution in Parallel Demisting Cyclones328
13.C Method for Estimating Wall Film Thickness and Velocity334
13.D Example calculation340
14 Foam-Breaking Cyclones343
14.1 Introduction343
14.2 Some Design Considerations and Factors Influencing Behavior346
14.3 Applications350
14.4 Estimating Submergence Required to Prevent Gas ‘ Blow Out’350
14.A Example Computation of Submergence Required to Prevent Underflow Gas ‘ Blow Out’356
15 Design Aspects357
15.1 Cylinder-on-Cone Cyclones with Tangential Inlet357
15.2 Design of Swirl Tubes with Swirl Vanes384
15.A Example Calculation of the Throat Area389
15.B Construction of a Vane Cut-out Pattern of an Orthogonal Vane Assembly390
16 Multicyclone Arrangements397
16.1 Cyclones in Series397
16.2 Cyclones in Parallel398
16.A Example Calculation for Multicyclone Arrangements407
17 List of Symbols412
List of Tradenames418
References419
Index424