| Preface | 5 |
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| Contents | 7 |
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| Abbreviations | 9 |
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| 1 Introduction | 14 |
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| 1.1 Application of Time Series for Forecasting in Engineering | 14 |
| 1.2 Data Uncertainty and Fuzzy Time Series | 18 |
| 1.3 Examples of Fuzzy Time Series | 20 |
| 2 Mathematical Description of Uncertain Data | 22 |
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| 2.1 Fuzzy Variables | 22 |
| 2.2 Fuzzy Random Variables | 38 |
| 2.3 Fuzzy Random Processes | 66 |
| 3 Analysis of Time Series Comprised of Uncertain Data | 71 |
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| 3.1 Plot of Fuzzy Time Series | 71 |
| 3.2 Fuzzy Component Model | 75 |
| 3.3 Stationary Fuzzy Time Series | 81 |
| 3.4 Transformation of Fuzzy Time Series Using Filters | 86 |
| 3.5 Modeling on the Basis of Specific Fuzzy Random Processes | 91 |
| 3.6 Modeling on the Basis of Artificial Neural Networks | 118 |
| 4 Forecasting of Time Series Comprised of Uncertain Data | 142 |
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| 4.1 Underlying Concept | 142 |
| 4.2 Forecasting on the Basis of Specific Fuzzy Random Processes | 145 |
| 4.3 Forecasting on the Basis of Artificial Neural Networks | 155 |
| 5 Uncertain Forecasting in Engineering and Environmental Science | 164 |
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| 5.1 Model-Free Forecasting | 164 |
| 5.2 Model-Based Forecasting | 166 |
| 5.3 Applications | 174 |
| References | 203 |
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| Index | 208 |