| Contents | 6 |
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| List of Contributors | 14 |
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| 1 The Path Ahead | 17 |
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| 1.1 Definition and Fundamentals | 17 |
| 1.2 Overview of the Contributions | 27 |
| 1.3 New and Notable Developments | 33 |
| 1.4 Conclusions | 39 |
| References | 40 |
| 2 Consciousness and Quantum Physics: Empirical Research on the Subjective Reduction of the Statevector | 43 |
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| 2.1 Introduction | 43 |
| 2.2 Experimental Design | 49 |
| 2.3 Experimental Procedure | 52 |
| 2.4 Data Analysis | 53 |
| 2.5 Results | 54 |
| 2.6 Conclusions | 56 |
| 2.7 Further Research | 61 |
| Appendix | 63 |
| References | 63 |
| 3 Microtubules in the Cerebral Cortex: Role in Memory and Consciousness | 65 |
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| 3.1 Introduction | 65 |
| 3.2 Functions of Microtubules and MAPs | 72 |
| 3.3 Learning and Memory: Neuroplasticity vs. Stability | 81 |
| 3.4 Consciousness | 93 |
| 3.5 Microtubules and Quantum Entanglement: A Possible Basis for Memory and Consciousness | 101 |
| 3.6 Conclusion | 105 |
| References | 106 |
| 4 Towards Experimental Tests of Quantum Effects in Cytoskeletal Proteins | 111 |
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| 4.1 Introduction | 112 |
| 4.2 QED Model of Tubulin and its Implications | 118 |
| 4.3 Tau Accumulation in Drosophila Mushroom Body Neurons Results in Memory Impairment | 136 |
| 4.4 Refractometry, Surface Plasmon Resonance and Dielectric Spectroscopy of Tubulin and Microtubules | 152 |
| 4.5 Emerging Directions of Experimental Tests of the Quantum Consciousness Idea | 175 |
| 4.6 Unification of Concepts and Conclusions | 179 |
| References | 181 |
| 5 Physicalism, Chaos and Reductionism | 187 |
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| 5.1 Introduction | 187 |
| 5.2 Quantum and Classical Dynamics | 188 |
| 5.3 What Are Classical Nonlinear Phenomena? | 189 |
| 5.4 The Biological and Cognitive Hierarchies | 190 |
| 5.5 Reductionism | 193 |
| 5.6 Objections to Reductionism | 195 |
| 5.7 Concluding Comments | 204 |
| References | 206 |
| 6 Consciousness, Neurobiology and Quantum Mechanics: The Case for a Connection | 209 |
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| 6.1 Introduction: The Problems of Consciousness | 209 |
| 6.2 Time and Consciousness | 213 |
| 6.3 The Neural Correlate of Consciousness | 222 |
| 6.4 The Neuronal Cytoskeleton | 233 |
| 6.5 Quantum Information Processing | 242 |
| 6.6 The Quantum Unconscious | 246 |
| 6.7 Quantum Computation in Microtubules The Orch OR Model | 248 |
| 6.8 Applications of Orch OR to Consciousness and Cognition | 252 |
| 6.9 Conclusion | 258 |
| Appendix | 258 |
| References | 260 |
| 7 Life, Catalysis and Excitable Media: A Dynamic Systems Approach to Metabolism and Cognition | 271 |
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| 7.1 Life and Robustness | 271 |
| 7.2 Life and Catalysis | 276 |
| 7.3 Catalysis, Traveling Waves and Excitable Media | 287 |
| 7.4 The Brain as an Excitable Medium | 290 |
| 7.5 Conclusion | 304 |
| References | 305 |
| 8 The Dendritic Cytoskeleton as a Computational Device: An Hypothesis | 309 |
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| 8.1 Introduction | 309 |
| 8.2 Collective Modes of Behavior of C- Termini in Microtubules | 317 |
| 8.3 Ion Waves along Actin Filaments | 324 |
| 8.4 Dendritic Cytoskeleton Computation Vision of Integration | 329 |
| 8.5 Final Statement | 336 |
| References | 336 |
| 9 Recurrent Quantum Neural Network and its Applications | 343 |
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| 9.1 Intelligence Still Ill-Understood | 343 |
| 9.2 Intelligent Filtering Denoising of Complex Signals | 344 |
| 9.3 A Comprehensive Quantum Model of Intelligent Behavior | 353 |
| 9.4 RQNN-based Eye-Tracking Model | 354 |
| 9.5 Concluding Remarks | 363 |
| References | 364 |
| 10 Microtubules as a Quantum Hopfield Network | 367 |
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| 10.1 Introduction | 367 |
| 10.2 Microtubulin Model | 368 |
| 10.3 Hopfield Model | 370 |
| 10.4 Quantum Model | 371 |
| 10.5 Quantum Hopfield Network | 374 |
| 10.6 QHN as an Information Propagator for a Microtubules Architecture | 376 |
| 10.7 Conclusions and Future Work | 383 |
| References | 385 |
| 11 Consciousness and Quantum Brain Dynamics | 387 |
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| 11.1 Deconstruction | 387 |
| 11.2 Quantum Brain Dynamics | 389 |
| 11.3 Hermitean Dual-Mode Quantum Brain Dynamics | 391 |
| 11.4 Non-Hermitean Dual-Mode Quantum Brai
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