| Foreword | 5 |
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| Preface and Acknowledgement | 9 |
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| Table of Contents | 10 |
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| Contributing Authors and Workshop Participants | 18 |
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| ELOISE research and the implementation of EU policy in the coastal zone | 22 |
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| Abstract | 22 |
| Introduction | 22 |
| The ELOISE programme | 23 |
| Policy issues in the European coastal zone | 24 |
| Research support for policy implementation: The ELOISE contribution | 33 |
| New priorities | 36 |
| References | 37 |
| Appendix 1: List of projects that provided input in the survey | 39 |
| Land-ocean fluxes and coastal ecosystems – a guided tour of ELOISE results | 41 |
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| Abstract | 41 |
| Introduction | 41 |
| Input of nutrients into the coastal zone | 43 |
| Estuarine transformations of nutrients and organic carbon | 50 |
| Structure and function of ecosystems under anthropogenic pressure | 59 |
| Conclusions | 66 |
| References | 69 |
| Defining a good ecological status of coastal waters – a case study for the Elbe plume | 79 |
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| Abstract | 79 |
| Introduction | 80 |
| Ecosystem services and ecological impact: A theoretical background | 81 |
| The indication of self-organising capacity of ecosystems | 85 |
| Applying models to indicate the ecological state of ecosystems | 87 |
| Case study: Application of the ecosystem model ERSEM to describe reference conditions in the Elbe plume | 87 |
| Concluding remarks | 92 |
| References | 93 |
| Bathing water quality | 95 |
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| Abstract | 95 |
| Introduction | 95 |
| The mixed methodological approach | 96 |
| Physical/technical assessment | 98 |
| Economic assessment | 104 |
| Public/social assessment | 110 |
| Recommendations and conclusions | 118 |
| References | 119 |
| Establishing coastal and marine reserves – with the emphasis on fisheries | 122 |
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| Abstract | 122 |
| Introduction | 122 |
| Marine reserves for conservation purposes | 124 |
| Reasons to create protected areas | 125 |
| Participation and involvement of stakeholders | 131 |
| Established marine reserves | 131 |
| Procedures to establish marine conservation areas | 132 |
| Conclusion | 133 |
| References | 134 |
| Valuing Coastal Systems | 137 |
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| Abstract | 137 |
| Introduction | 137 |
| Facts and values in sustainable coastal management | 139 |
| The analytics of economic valuation of natural resources | 145 |
| The mechanics of preference elicitation | 147 |
| Some practical examples | 148 |
| References | 151 |
| Group report: Methodologies to support implementation of the water framework directive | 155 |
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| Abstract | 155 |
| Introduction | 156 |
| Technical requirements for implementation of the WFD | 157 |
| Classification of status of surface waters and implications for water management | 158 |
| Ecological status and reference conditions | 158 |
| Feasibility of the ecological classification scheme and criteria for implementation | 160 |
| Water quality | 162 |
| Priority substances | 162 |
| Bathing water quality | 163 |
| Tools for the management of protected areas under the WFD | 163 |
| Reference conditions and the implementation of ecological classification schemes | 166 |
| Interactions between ecology, society, and economics | 167 |
| Conclusions | 169 |
| References | 169 |
| The EU Water Framework Directive: Challenges for institutional implementation | 171 |
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| Introduction | 172 |
| A theoretical framework: Integrated water resources management | 174 |
| Case studies | 176 |
| Comparative aspects | 182 |
| Extrapolation to the coast | 184 |
| Conclusions | 186 |
| References | 187 |
| Inclusive and community participation in the coastal zone: Opportunities and dangers | 190 |
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| Abstract | 190 |
| Introduction | 190 |
| The pros and cons of deliberative inclusion | 192 |
| Integrated coastal management and the challenge to inclusive participation | 195 |
| Redesigning the management of coastal futures | 197 |
| References | 201 |
| Group report: Institutional and capacity requirements for implementation of the Water Framework Directory | 202 |
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| Abstract | 202 |
| Introduction | 202 |
| Boundaries of the water body and management structures | 204 |
| Relation of WFD to other legislation | 205 |
| Flexibility in implementing the WFD and public participation | 206 |
| Institutional change and cost consequences | 210 |
| Conclusions and recommendations | 214 |
| References | 214 |
| Climate change and coastal management on Europe’s coast | 216 |
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| Abstract | 216 |
| Introduction | 217 |
| The coastal zone in Europe | 217 |
| Climate change and the European coast | 218 |
| Climate change impacts around Europe’s coasts | 223 |
| Responding to climate change | 228 |
| Climate change and coastal management | 231 |
| Conclusions and further work | 235 |
| References | 237 |
| Assessment and monitoring requirements for the adaptive management of Europe’s regional seas | 244 |
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| Abstract | 244 |
| Introduction | 244 |
| Emerging concepts and policy drivers | 245 |
| An adaptive management strategy for European seas | 246 |
| Practical application of the adaptive management scheme | 251 |
| Conclusion | 253 |
| References | 253 |
| Group report: Global change and the European coast – climate change and economic development | 255 |
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| Abstract | 255 |
| Introduction | 256 |
| Human values versus natural systems | 258 |
| Tools – analytical, management, and communication | 263 |
| Proactive strategies | 265 |
| Improving the knowledge base | 267 |
| References | 268 |
| Integrated environmental assessment and coastal futures | 271 |
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| Abstract | 271 |
| Introduction | 271 |
| Integrated environmental assessment | 274 |
| DP-S-I-R analysis | 276 |
| Scenarios and coastal zone managemen
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