| Contents | 11 |
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| 1 Diagnostic Medical Imaging:How,Why, and When | 14 |
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| Introduction | 14 |
| Nature of Radiographs | 14 |
| Other Imaging Modalities Without Radiation | 17 |
| Proper Utilization of Imaging | 21 |
| 2 Understanding Radiation and Its Effect on Children | 24 |
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| 3 Chest Examinations in Children | 28 |
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| Technical Factors | 29 |
| Lung Volume | 29 |
| Position of the Patient | 29 |
| How the Film Was Obtained | 34 |
| Adequacy of Exposure | 34 |
| Traps: Unique Anatomical Normal Variants and Positions of Tubes | 36 |
| Interpreting the Film:The Radiologist’s Circle | 38 |
| Abdomen | 38 |
| Bones and Soft Tissues | 38 |
| Chest (Airway, Mediastinum, Diaphragm, Lungs) | 42 |
| Common Pathological Conditions | 63 |
| Hyperexpansion | 63 |
| Lobar Collapse | 65 |
| Change in Pulmonary Densities | 67 |
| Masses and Pseudomasses | 70 |
| Pleura | 72 |
| Summary | 73 |
| 4 The Chest in the Neonate and Young Infant | 76 |
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| Technical Factors | 76 |
| Interpreting the Film | 77 |
| Abdomen | 77 |
| Bones and Soft Tissues | 80 |
| Chest | 81 |
| An Approach to Common Neonatal Abnormalities | 85 |
| Diseases with Generalized Increase in Lung Volume | 89 |
| Diseases with Normal or Decreased Lung Volume | 90 |
| Diseases with Variable Lung Volume | 94 |
| Localized Changes in Lung Volume | 95 |
| Structural Abnormalities | 96 |
| 5 Abdominal Imaging | 98 |
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| Technical Factors | 98 |
| The Radiologist’s Circle and the ABCS | 98 |
| Chest | 100 |
| Bones and Soft Tissues | 100 |
| Abdomen | 101 |
| Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques | 109 |
| Ultrasound of the Abdomen and Pelvis | 109 |
| CT of the Abdomen and Pelvis | 117 |
| MR Imaging of the Abdomen | 121 |
| Imaging Studies for Specific Organs and Systems | 124 |
| Bowel | 124 |
| Esophagus | 124 |
| Upper Gastrointestinal Series | 124 | <
