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Logic in Reality

:	JOSEPH BRENNER
:	Logic in Reality
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781402083754
:	1
:	CHF 160.30
:

:	Allgemeines, Lexika
:	English

:	362
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book is both dif?cult and rewarding, affording a new perspective on logic and reality, basically seen in terms of change and stability, being and becoming. Most importantly it exemplifies a mode of doing philosophy of science that seems a welcome departure from the traditional focus on purely analytic arguments. The author approaches ontology, metaphysics, and logic as having offered a number of ways of constructing the description of reality, and aims at deepening their relationships in a new way. Going beyond the mere abstract and formal aspects of logical analysis, he offers a new architecture of logic that sees it as applied not only to the 'reasoning processes' belonging to the first disciplinary group - ontology - but also directly concerned with en- ties, events, and phenomena studied by the second one - metaphysics. It is the task of the book to elaborate such a constructive logic, both by offering a lo- cal view of the structure of the reality in general and by proffering a wealth of models able to encompass its implications for science. In turning from the merely formal to the constructive account of logic Brenner overcomes the limitation of logic to linguistic concepts so that it can be not only a logic 'of' reality but also 'in' that reality which is constitutively characterized by a number of fundamental dualities (observer and observed, self and not-self, internal and external, etc.

Joseph E. Brenner was born in Paris in 1934, the son of the American sculptor Michael Brenner (Lithuania, 1885 - New York, 1969). After primary and secondary education in New York, he received B.A. and M.S. degrees from the University of Chicago. In 1958, he earned a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin, which was followed by post-doctoral studies at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1960, he joined the E. I. Du Pont de Nemours Company at its Wilmington, Delaware laboratory as a polymer chemist. From 1965 to his retirement in 1994, he was involved in corporate development and technology transfer with Du Pont de Nemours International in Geneva, Switzerland, working primarily in the Middle East, Africa and Eastern Europe. In 1998, he began collaboration with Basarab Nicolescu, Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Paris VI and President of the International Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CIRET) in Paris. The focus of this on-going collaboration has been to make the logical system of the Franco-Romanian thinker Stéphane Lupasco (Bucharest, 1900 - Paris, 1988) accessible to English-language readers. Brenner's extension and up-dating of this work has been the subject of publications and presentations at conferences and seminars in Europe, Brazil and the U.S.A. Dr. Brenner is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; the New York Academy of Sciences; and the Swiss Society for Logic and the Philosophy of Science.

	CONTENTS	5
	FOREWORD	11
	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	14
	INTRODUCTION	15
	1. REALITY AND LOGIC	15
	2. THE OBJECTIVE AND PLAN OF LOGIC IN REALITY	17
	1 LOGIC IN REALITY (LIR) AS A FORMAL LOGIC	21
	1.1 INITIAL AXIOMATIZATION: THE FUNDAMENTAL POSTULATE	21
	1.2 THE REAL AND REALITY	26
	1.3 LIR VERSUS STANDARD LOGICS: DEDUCTION	31
	1.4 NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS	40
	1.5 INDUCTIVE LOGIC AND ABDUCTIVE LOGIC: PROBABILITY	50
	1.6 QUANTUM LOGIC	54
	1.7 THE FORMAL AXIOMATIZATION OF LIR	56
	2 LIR AS A FORMAL SYSTEM	61
	2.1 THE NON-CLASSICAL CALCULUS OF LIR: IMPLICATION	61
	2.2 TRUTH VALUES, CONTRADICTION AND REALITY VALUES	63
	2.3 IMPLICATION BETWEEN THE LIMITS	69
	2.4 CONJUNCTION AND DISJUNCTION	76
	3 LIR AS A FORMAL ONTOLOGY	82
	3.1 REALISM AND FORMAL ONTOLOGIES	82
	3.2 THE LIR ONTOLOGICAL PREDICATES: DUALITY	84
	3.3 THE DOMAIN OF ENTITIES: LEVELS OF REALITY	85
	3.4 LIR AS AN INTERPRETED FORMAL SYSTEM	86
	3.5 THREE CRITICAL CONCEPTS	87
	3.6 SOME METALOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS	92
	3.7 THE LOGIC OF BEING	94
	4 THE CATEGORIES OF LIR	100
	4.1 THE DEFINITION AND FUNCTION OF ONTOLOGY	100
	4.2 THE ESTABLISHMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF CATEGORIES	103
	4.3 THE PHYSICS OF REALITY: THE FUNDAMENTAL DUALITIES	104
	4.4 THE CATEGORY OF ENERGY	106
	4.5 THE CATEGORY AND SUB-CATEGORIES OF DYNAMIC OPPOSITION	118
	4.6 THE CATEGORY OF PROCESS: CHANGE	123
	4.7 THE CATEGORY OF T-STATES	125
	4.8 THE CATEGORIES OF SUBJECT, OBJECT AND SUBJECT- OBJECT	128
	4.9 LIR AS A FORMAL ONTOLOGY: NEO AND THE CATEGORY- AXIOM FIT	132
	4.10 THE INTERPRETATION OF LIR	138
	5 THE CORE THESIS OF LIR: STRUCTURE AND EXPLANATION	142
	5.1 THE CORE THESIS OF LIR	143
	5.2 A TWO-LEVEL FRAMEWORK OF RELATIONAL ANALYSIS	145
	5.3 ONTOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS IN PARALLEL	151
	5.4 THE STRUCTURE OF REALITY IN LIR	154
	5.5 WHAT IS AN EXPLANATION?	169
	5.6 THE ANALYTIC/SYNTHETIC DISTINCTION IN LIR	175
	6 LIR, METAPHYSICS AND PHILOSOPHY	182
	6.1 INTRODUCTION: CAUSE AND DETERMINISM	182
	6.2 CAUSALITY IN LIR	183
	6.3 CONTINUITY AND DISCONTINUITY	204
	6.4 STATISM AND DYNAMISM	211
	6.5 DETERMINISM AND INDETERMINISM	213
	6.6 REALISM AND EXPERIENCE	216
	6.7 THE PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMIC OPPOSITION AND LAWS OF NATURE	227
	6.8 FRIEDRICH HEGEL: IDEALISM AND/ OR CONTRADICTION?	235
	6.9 THE LIR APPROACH TO PHILOSOPHY	238
	7 LIR AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE: TIME, SPACE AND COSMOLOGY	248
	7.1 TIME AND SPACE: PRELIMINARY REMARKS	248
	7.2 THE LIR THEORY OF SPACE-TIME	250
	7.3 SOME ALTERNATIVE VIEWS OF TIME	256
	7.4 BEING AND BECOMING IN MODERN PHYSICS	258
	7.5 QUANTUM MECHANICS	265
	7.6 TOWARD A LOGICAL COSMOLOGY	274
	8 EMERGENCE, LIVING SYSTEMS AND CLOSURE	287
	8.1 INTRODUCTION	287
	8.2 THE LIR APPROACH TO EMERGENCE	291
	8.3 EMERGENCE IN PERSPECTIVE	295
	8.4 EXPLAINING EMERGENCE	302
	8.5 CLOSURE IN LIVING SYSTEMS	310
	8.6 DOWNWARD CAUSATION	313
	8.7 EVOLUTION AND THE ORIGIN OF LIFE	317
	8.8 THE THERMODYNAMIC AND CYBERNETIC STANDPOINTS	331
	CONCLUSION: NEW DIRECTIONS AND A NEW SKEPTICISM	340
	1. NEW DIRECTIONS	342
	2. A NEW SKEPTICISM	344
	APPENDIX 1 CLASSES AND SETS: THE AXIOM OF CHOICE	347
	1. THE LOGIC OF FROZEN DIALECTICS	347
	2. THE AXIOM OF CHOICE	350
	APPENDIX 2 THE SYSTEMS VIEWPOINT	353
	1. THE ONTOLOGICAL BASIS OF SYSTEMS IN REALITY REALITY	353
	2. CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS THEORY	356
	INDEX	363