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Light, Water, Hydrogen The Solar Generation of Hydrogen by Water Photoelectrolysis

:	Craig A. Grimes, Oomman K. Varghese
:	CRAIG GRIMES, OOMMAN VARGHESE, SUDHIR RANJAN
:	Light, Water, Hydrogen The Solar Generation of Hydrogen by Water Photoelectrolysis
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9780387682389
:	1
:	CHF 134,10
:

:	Wärme-, Energie- und Kraftwerktechnik
:	English

:	546
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book covers the field of solar production of hydrogen by water photo-splitting (photoelectrolysis) using semiconductor photoanodes. The emphasis of the discussion is on the use of nanotechnology in the field. The theories behind photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical processes responsible for hydrogen production are given in detail. This provides a state-of-the-art review of the semiconductor materials and methods used for improving the efficiency of the processes. The book also gives an account of the techniques used for making the nanostructures.

Craig A. Grimes received B.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering and Physics from the Pennsylvania State University in 1984, and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1990. In 1990 he joined the Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory where he worked on artificial dielectric structures. From 1994 to 2001 Dr. Grimes was a member of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Kentucky, where he was the Frank J. Derbyshire Professor. He is currently a Professor at the Pennsylvania State University, University Park. His research interests include solar generation of hydrogen by water photoelectrolysis, remote query chemical and environmental sensors, nano-dimensional metal-oxide thin film architectures, and propagation and control of electromagnetic energy. He has contributed over 150 archival journal publications, eight book chapters, and over fifteen patents. He is Editor-in-Chief of Sensor Letters, co-author of the book The Electromagnetic Origin of Quantum Theory and Light published by World Scientific (2nd Edition, 2005), and Editor of The Encyclopedia of Sensors to be published by American Scientific Publishing in 2005.

	Foreword	5
	Preface	12
	Acknowledgment	14
	Contents	15
	Chapter 1 FROM HYDROCARBONS TO HYDROGEN: TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE	21
	1.1 Introduction	21
	1.2 Hydrogen: A Historical Perspective	27
	1.3 Renewable Energy and Hydrogen	30
	1.4 The Energy Carriers: Hydrogen or Electricity?	32
	1.5 Hydrogen as a Chemical Fuel	35
	1.6 The Hydrogen Economy	37
	1.7 Hydrogen Production [20]	38
	1.8 Hydrogen and Transportation	44
	1.9 Environmental Effects of Hydrogen	48
	1.10 Hydrogen Storage	48
	1.11 Hydrogen Safety	49
	References	50
	Chapter 2 HYDROGEN GENERATION BY WATER SPLITTING	54
	2.1 Introduction	54
	2.2 Hydrogen Production By Water Electrolysis	54
	2.3 Hydrogen Production by Thermochemical Water- Splitting	71
	2.4 Hydrogen Production By Water Biophotolysis	86
	2.5 Other Techniques for H2 production via Water Splitting	103
	References	112
	Chapter 3 PHOTOELECTROLYSIS	133
	3.1 General Description of Photoelectrolysis	133
	3.3 Types of Photoelectrochemical Devices	141
	3.4 Photoelectrolysis Principles	143
	3.5 Photoelectrochemical Cell Band Model	170
	3.6 Efficiency of Water Splitting in a Photoelectrochemical Cell	175
	References	197
	Chapter 4 OXIDE SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS AS PHOTOANODES	209
	4.1 Introduction	209
	4.2 Photoanode Reaction Mechanisms	210
	4.3 General Description of Oxide Semiconductor Photoanodes	214
	4.4 Single Crystal Materials as Photoanodes	217
	4.5 Polycrystalline Photoanode Materials	224
	4.6 Thin Film Photoanode Materials	227
	4.7 Nanocrystalline and Nanoporous Thin Film Materials as Photoanodes	237
	4.8 Quantum-size Effects in Nanocrystalline Semiconductors	249
	References	260
	Chapter 5 OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS: NANO- CRYSTALLINE, TUBULAR AND POROUS SYSTEMS	274
	5.1 Introduction	274
	5.2 Synthesis of Nanotubular Oxide Semiconductors	276
	5.3 Fabrication of Titania Nanotube Arrays by Anodization	285
	5.4 Doped Titania Nanotube Arrays	314
	5.5 Material Properties	319
	5.6 Optical Properties of Titania Nanotubes Arrays	328
	5.7 Photoelectrochemical and Water Photolysis Properties	340
	5.8 Ti-Fe-O Nanotube Array Films for Solar Spectrum Water Photoelectrolysis	355
	References	370
	Chapter 6 OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS: SUSPENDED NANOPARTICLE SYSTEMS	387
	6.1 Introduction	387
	6.2 Nanoparticle-Based Photocatalytic Water Splitting	390
	6.3 Nanoparticle Synthesis Techniques	392
	6.4 Synthesis of Complex Oxide Semiconductors	401
	6.5 Design of Oxide Semiconductors	403
	6.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects	426
	References	427
	Chapter 7 NON- OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES	443
	7.1 General Description of Non-Oxide Semiconductors	443
	7.2 General Synthesis Techniques of Non-Oxide Semiconductors	449
	7.3 Non-Oxide Photoelectrode Systems and Water Photoelectrolysis	457
	7.4 Non-oxide Suspended Particle Systems and Direct Water Splitting	471
	7.5 Concluding Remarks	481
	References	481
	Chapter 8 PHOTOVOLTAIC - ELECTROLYSIS CELLS	500
	8.1 Introduction	500
	8.2 General Description of Solar Cell Technology	501
	8.3 PV-Electrolysis Systems for Hydrogen Production [ 1- 34,41,43,87- 92]	514
	8.4 Multi-junction PV Tandem Cells for Hydrogen Production [ 35- 39,44,45,93- 101]	516
	References	522
	Index	532