| Abbreviations | 17 |
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| Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION | 21 |
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| 1.1 NEW TIME WITH NEW REQUIREMENT | 21 |
| 1.2 THE ASR APPLICATIONS | 22 |
| 1.3 INTERFACE DESIGN | 29 |
| 1.4 USABILITY AND USER-CENTERED DESIGN | 33 |
| 1.5 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY | 37 |
| 1.6 CONCLUSION | 45 |
| Chapter 2 BASIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGY | 47 |
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| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 47 |
| 2.2 GENERAL ASPECTS OF NEUROSCIENCE | 48 |
| 2.4 LANGUAGE | 59 |
| 2.5 LEARNING AND MEMORY | 65 |
| 2.5.1 Learning Theory | 66 |
| 2.5.2 Memory | 66 |
| 2.5.3 The Mechanism of Memory | 68 |
| 2.5.4 Working Memory | 68 |
| 2.6 CONCLUSION | 70 |
| Chapter 3 ATTENTION, WORKLOAD AND STRESS | 72 |
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| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 72 |
| 3.2 ATTENTION | 73 |
| 3.3 MULTIPLE-TASK PERFORMANCE | 77 |
| 3.4 STRESS AND WORKLOAD | 80 |
| 3.5 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS ANDWORKLOAD | 82 |
| 3.6 THE MEASUREMENT OF STRESS AND WORKLOAD | 87 |
| 3.7 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES | 91 |
| 3.8 ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS | 97 |
| 3.9 WORKLOAD AND THE PRODUCTION OF SPEECH | 102 |
| 3.10 ANALYSIS OF SPEECH UNDER STRESS | 104 |
| 3.11 RESEARCH PROBLEMS | 110 |
| 3.12 CONCLUSION | 113 |
| Chapter 4 DESIGN ANALYSIS | 114 |
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| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 114 |
| 4.2 INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY | 116 |
| 4.3 THE ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE | 117 |
| 4.4 DISTRIBUTED COGNITION | 122 |
| 4.5 COGNITIVE SYSTEM ENGINEERING | 123 |
| 4.6 WORK AND TASK ANALYSIS | 125 |
| 4.6.1 Task Analysis | 126 |
| 4.7 INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS 4.7.1 Human- System Interface | 134 |
| 4.7.2 Design Process | 135 |
| 4.8 SCENARIO- BASED DESIGN | 138 |
| 4.9 DISCUSSION | 139 |
| 4.10 CONCLUSION | 141 |
| Chapter 5 USABILITY DESIGN AND EVALUATION | 142 |
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| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 142 |
| 5.2 DIFFERENT DESIGN APPROACHES | 142 |
| 5.3 THE CONCEPT OF USABILITY 5.3.1 Definitions | 144 |
| 5.4 HUMAN NEEDS AND SATISFACTION | 154 |
| 5,4.1 Trust | 156 |
| 5.5 USER-CENTERED DESIGN | 160 |
| 5.6 SOCIAL TECHNICAL ISSUE | 171 |
| 5.7 ADAPTIVE AND INTUITIVE USER INTERFACE | 172 |
| 5.8 USAGE-CENTERED DESIGN | 174 |
| 5.9 UNIVERSAL ACCESS | 179 |
| 5.10 ETHNOGRAPHY METHOD FOR CONTEXTUAL INTERFACE DESIGN | 182 |
| 5.11 CONCLUSION | 183 |
| Chapter 6 HUMAN FACTORS IN SPEECH INTERFACE DESIGN | 185 |
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| 6.1 INTRODUCTION | 185 |
| 6.2 THE UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN SPEECH | 187 |
| 6.3 HUMAN SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM | 189 |
| 6.4 HUMAN FACTORS IN SPEECH TECHNOLOGY | 197 |
| 6.5 SPEECH INPUT | 198 |
| 6.6 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION | 204 |
| 6.7 FEEDBACK DESIGN | 206 |
| 6.8 SYNTHESIZED SPEECH OUTPUT | 210 |
| 6.9 ERROR CORRECTION | 217 |
| 6.10 SYNTAX | 223 |
| 6.11 BACK-UP AND REVERSION | 224 |
| 6.12 HUMAN VERBAL BEHAVIOR IN SPEECH INPUT SYSTEMS | 226 |
| 6.13 MULTIMODAL INTERACTION SYSTEM | 230 |
| 6.13.2 Advantages of Multimodal Interface | 234 |
| 6.14 CONCLUSION | 242 |
| Chapter 7 THE USABILITY OF SPOKEN DIALOGUE SYSTEM DESIGN | 243 |
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| 7.1 INTRODUCTION | 243 |
| 7.2 THE ATTRACTIVE BUSINESS | 244 |
| 7.3 ERGONOMIC AND SOCIO-TECHNICAL ISSUES | 246 |
| 7.4 SPEECH RECOGNITION ERROR | 250 |
| 7.5 COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL ISSUE 7.5.1 Short- Term Memory | 252 |
| 7.6 AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION | 255 |
| 7.7 LIMITATIONS OF SUI | 256 |
| 7.8 USABILITY EVALUATION | 259 |
| 7.9 CONCLUSION | 267 |
| Chapter 8 IN-VEHICLE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM DESIGN | 269 |
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| 8.1 INTRODUCTION | 269 |
| 8.2 IN-VEHICLE SPEECH INTERACTION SYSTEMS | 274 |
| 8.3 THE COGNITIVE ASPECTS | 284 |
| 8.4 USE OF CELLULAR PHONES AND DRIVING | 290 |
| 8.5 USE OF IN-VEHICLE NAVIGATION | 294 |
| 8.6 SYSTEM DESIGN AND EVALUATION | 299 |
| 8.7 FUTURE WORKS | 304 |
| 8.8 CONCLUSION | 305 |
| Chapter 9 SPEECH TECHNOLOGY IN MILITARY APPLICATION | 307 |
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| 9.1 INTRODUCTION | 307 |
| 9.2 THE CATEGORIES IN MILITARY APPLICATIONS | 309 |
| 9.3 APPLICATION ANALYSIS | 312 |
| 9.4 COMPARISON BETWEEN SPEECH INPUT AND MANUAL INPUT | 315 |
| 9.5 AVIATION APPLICATION | 319 |
| 9.6 ARMY APPLICATION 9.6.1 Command and Control on Move ( C20TM) | 330 |
| 9.7 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL APPLICATION | 334 |
| 9.8 NAVY APPLICATION 9,8.1 Aircraft Carrier Flight Deck Control | 338 |
| 9.9 SPACE APPLICATION | 339 |
| 9.10 OTHER APPLICATIONS | 340 |
| 9.11 INTEGRATING SPEECH TECHNOLOGY INTO MILITARY SYSTEMS | 342 |
| 9.12 CONCLUSION | 348 |
| Index | 394 |