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Implementing Climate Change Measures in the EU Key Success Factors

:	Merle Grobbel
:	Implementing Climate Change Measures in the EU Key Success Factors
:	VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften (GWV)
:	9783531913285
:	1
:	CHF 47.60
:

:	Politikwissenschaft
:	English

:	409
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

What changed in the United States with Hurricane Katrina was a feeling that we have entered a period of consequences. - Al Gore On February 05, 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the executive summary of its fourth assessment report (to be published April 06, 2007). In the summary, it not only acknowledged that climate change is happening at an accelerated rate, but also that its consequences would be dreary: changes in precipitation and in wind patterns, a rise of the sea levels, and desert- cation will globally impact the frequency of disasters and impair living standards. Whether or not we believe climate change is happening, over the past two years, we have witnessed a rise of the topic from oblivion to ubiquity and have experienced a growing emphasis on ?nding measures to prevent climate change. There is an unprecedented agreement among environmentalists, politicians, the public, and industry that we have to take effective action. Politicians are putting their creative plans to action unusually fast: Australia bans the light bulb, B- gium switches off lamps along lighted highways, and the US introduces daylight savings time two weeks earlier than in previous years. Industry, the most unlikely candidate for support, is rallying together in action groups like US-Cap or 2 Grad, and more and more consumers are offsetting their emissions through websites like myclimate.

Merle Grobbel holds a PhD in Political Science (Public Policy) and works as a consultant for McKinsey& Company.

	Contents	7
	List of Tables	14
	List of Figures	16
	Introduction	21
	1.1 Research Question	22
	1.2 Scope	23
	1.3 Goals	25
	1.4 Implications for the Structure of Analysis	27
	1.5 Plan of the Book	29
	Status of Implementation: Analyses and Insights	36
	The Problem at the Outset: Lingering Implementation Issues	37
	2.1 Transposition of Directives	37
	2.2 Infringements	40
	2.3 Conclusion	46
	Help Needed: (Im)practical Solutions and Research Gaps	48
	3.1 Solution Patterns	48
	3.2 EU Initiatives For Improvement of Transposi-tion	50
	3.3 German Initiatives for Improvement	56
	3.4 Research on Success Factors of Implementation	59
	3.5 Conclusion	66
	Setting Up Research: Complications	68
	4.1 Status of Implementation Research	68
	4.2 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Debate	70
	4.3 Implications for Methodology	76
	4.4 Implications For The Level of Analysis	78
	4.5 Implications for the Definition of Implementa-tion	80
	4.6 Implications for Scope	86
	4.7 Bias	88
	4.8 Conclusion	89
	A Model of the Design Phase	92
	An Alternative Approach: LeibnizSystem	93
	5.1 Logic-Based Intelligent Systems	93
	5.2 LeibnizSystem Explained	97
	5.3 Conclusion	113
	Setup of the Model	115
	6.1 Variables of the Design Phase	115
	6.2 Assumptions	125
	6.3 Conclusion	134
	The Model	136
	7.1 Scenarios	136
	7.2 Scenario Results	138
	7.3 Conclusion	150
	Interpretation of Results	152
	8.1 Variables	152
	8.2 Clauses	159
	8.3 Conclusion	170
	Comparing Results to Regression Results	173
	9.1 Regression: Why or Why Not	173
	9.2 Choosing the Appropriate Regression	174
	9.3 Regression on Scenarios	177
	9.4 Tests Applied to the Model	178
	9.5 Regression Results	182
	9.6 Comparison of Accuracy	185
	9.7 Conclusion	187
	Factors of the Implementation Process: Survey and Interviews	188
	EU Survey Setup	189
	10.1 Taxonomy of Instruments	189
	10.2 EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS) and EU Survey	195
	10.3 Survey Design	198
	10.4 Conclusion	205
	Survey Results	208
	11.1 Overall Results	208
	11.2 Results: Groups	211
	11.3 Results: Regions	219
	11.4 Results: Members	226
	11.5 Results: States	231
	11.6 Conclusion	236
	Additional Insights From the Survey	239
	12.1 Results for Governments	239
	12.2 Participants’ Verbal Feedback	242
	12.3 Conclusion	252
	Preparation of Interviews	257
	13.1 Preparations	257
	13.2 Selection of Directives and Interviewees	272
	13.3 Conclusion	274
	Interview Results	275
	14.1 Appraisal of Issue Tree	275
	14.2 Hypotheses	283
	14.3 Conclusion	311
	A Model of Implementation	318
	Model Parameters	319
	15.1 A Process of Implementation?	319
	15.2 Actors and Behavioral Assumptions	327
	15.3 Constraints of Action - Institutions and Orga-nizations	331
	15.4 Driving Forces	333
	15.5 Compatibility with Existing Models	334
	15.6 Conclusion	345
	The Implementation Model	347
	16.1 A New Model	347
	16.2 The Process	349
	16.3 Determinants	351
	16.4 Actors	355
	16.5 Behavior	360
	16.6 Model Results	364
	16.7 Conclusion	377
	Conclusion	379
	17.1 Goals	379
	17.2 Factors	381
	17.3 Models	382
	17.4 Further Research	385
	Bibliography	387