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Biological Membrane Ion Channels Dynamics, Structure, and Applications

:	Shin-Ho Chung, Olaf S. Andersen, Vikram Krishnamurthy
:	Shin-Ho Chung, Olaf S. Anderson, Vikram V. Krishnamurthy
:	Biological Membrane Ion Channels Dynamics, Structure, and Applications
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9780387689197
:	1
:	CHF 133.80
:

:	Biochemie, Biophysik
:	English

:	658
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book deals with recent breakthroughs in ion-channel research that have been brought about by the combined effort of experimental biophysicists and computational physicists, who together are beginning to unravel the story of these exquisitely designed biomolecules. With chapters by leading experts, the book is aimed at researchers in nanodevices and biosensors, as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students in biology and the physical sciences.

	Preface	6
	Contents	9
	List of Contributors	11
	Part I Introduction	15
	1 Ion Channels, from Fantasy to Fact in Fifty Years1	16
	1.1 Introduction	16
	1.2 Classical Biophysics	17
	1.3 Pharmacology and Single Channels	20
	1.4 Patch Clamp, Sequencing, and Mutagenesis	22
	1.5 Structure	24
	1.6 Spectroscopy	27
	1.7 Theory	29
	1.8 WhatÌs Next?	32
	Acknowledgments	33
	References	33
	Part II Specific Channel Types	43
	2 Gramicidin Channels: Versatile Tools	44
	2.1 Overview	44
	2.2 Introduction	44
	2.3 Structure	45
	2.4 Channel Function	60
	2.5 Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Ion Permeation	75
	2.6 Conclusion	78
	Acknowledgments	79
	References	79
	3 Voltage-Gated Ion Channels	92
	3.1 Introduction	92
	3.2 Voltage-Dependent Ion Channels Are Membrane Proteins	93
	3.3 The Parts of the Voltage-Dependent Channel	94
	3.4 Gating Charge and the Voltage Sensor	97
	3.5 Structural Basis of the Gating Charges	106
	3.6 Structural Basis of the Voltage Sensor	107
	3.7 Coupling of the Sensor to the Gate	120
	3.8 Concluding Remarks	120
	3.9 Outlook	122
	Acknowledgments	123
	References	123
	4 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels	130
	Part I. Overview	130
	4.1 Basics of K+ Channel Structure	131
	4.2 Functional Classification	134
	4.3 Summary	137
	Part II. K+ Channel Operation 4.4 Control of Single- Channel Conductance	138
	4.5 Activation Gates	140
	4.6 Functions of the Outer Vestibule	144
	4.7 Functions of the N-Terminal Domain	148
	4.8 Modulation at the C-Terminal Domain	150
	4.9 The MinK/MiRP Family of Accessory Subunits	152
	Part III. Specific Properties of Voltage-Gated Channels 4.10 Diversity of Function	154
	4.11 Kv1 Channels	155
	4.12 Kv2 Channels	158
	4.13 Kv3 Channels	162
	4.14 Kv4 Channels	164
	Acknowledgments	168
	References	168
	5 BKCa- Channel Structure and Function	182
	5.1 Introduction	182
	5.2 BKCa- Channel Topology	182
	5.3 The Origin of the BKCa ChannelÌs Large Conductance	184
	5.4 BKCa- Channel Gating, Studies Before Cloning	187
	5.5 BKCa- Channel Gating, Macroscopic Current Properties	188
	5.6 A Simple Model of BKCa- Channel Gating	190
	5.7 Interpreting Mutations	200
	5.8 A Better Model of Voltage-Dependent Gating	200
	5.9 Combining HCA and MWC	204
	5.10 The BKCa Channel Has Low- Affinity Ca2+ Binding Sites	208
	5.11 The BKCa Channel Has Two Types of High- Affinity Ca2+- Binding Sites	210
	5.12 Is the BKCa Channel Like the MthK Channel?	213
	5.13 The Discovery of	216
	1	216
	5.14 Four	217
	Subunits Have Now Been Identified	217
	5.15 Conclusions	221
	References	221
	6 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels	230
	6.1 Introduction	230
	6.2 The Sodium Channel as a Protein	231
	6.3 The Pore	232
	6.4 Gating	237
	6.5 Hereditary Sodium Channel Diseases	244
	Acknowledgments	245
	References	245
	7 Calcium Channels	251
	7.1 Introduction	251
	7.2 Types of Ca2+ Channels	252
	7.3 Roles of Ca2+ Channels	260
	7.4 Ion Selectivity and Permeation	264
	7.5 Channel Structure	268
	7.6 Theoretical Models of Permeation and Selectivity	272
	7.7 Channel Gating	277
	7.8 Inactivation of HVA Channels	280
	7.9 Regulation of Channel Function	284
	7.10 Conclusions and Outlook	289
	References	291
	8 Chloride Transporting CLC Proteins1	310
	8.1 Introduction	310
	8.2 Overview Over the Family of CLC Proteins	312
	8.3 Architecture of CLC Proteins	318
	8.4 Gating of CLC-0 and Mammalian CLC Channels	321
	8.5 Permeation of CLC-0 and Mammalian CLC Channels	324
	8.6 The X-ray Structure and Its Functional Implication: A Pivot Glutamate Controls the Protopore Gate	324
	8.7 The Function as a Cl-/ H+ Antiporter	326
	8.8 Pharmacology	328
	8.9 CBS Domains	330
	8.10 Conclusion	331
	Acknowledgment	331
	References	331
	9 Ligand-Gated Ion Channels: Permeation and Activation1	343
	9.1 Introduction	343
	9.2 Physicochemical Structure	347
	9.3 Ion Conductances, Permeation and Selectivity	353
	9.4 Ion Channel Gating	362
	9.5 Conclusions and Some Questions Still Pending	369
	Acknowledgments	369
	References	370
	10 Mechanosensitive Channels	376
	10.1 Introduction	376
	10.2 Evolutionary Origins of MS Channels	377
	10.3 Bilayer and Tethered Model of MS Channel Gating by Mechanical Force	378
	10.4 MS Channels of Bacteria and Archaea	383
	10.5 MS Channels of Eukaryotes	386
	10.6 The Role of MS Channels in Cell Physiology and Pathology of Disease	392
	10.7 Conclusion	394
	Acknowledgments	395
	References	395
	11 TRP Channels	406
	11.1 Introduction	406
	11.2 TRP Channel History	406
	11.3 Classification	407
	11.4 Structural Aspects	408
	11.5 Activation Mechanisms	414
	11.6 Concluding Remarks	421
	Acknowledgments	422
	References	422
	12 Ion Channels in Epithelial Cells	431
	12.1 Ion Channels and Epithelial Function	431
	12.2 Structural and Evolution of Epithelial Channels	435
	12.3 Functional Specializations of Epithelial Ion Channels	439
	12.4 Regulation of Epithelial Ion Channels	443
	12.5 Summary	447
	References	447
	Part III Theoretical Approaches	452
	13 PoissonÒNernstÒPlanck Theory of Ion Permeation Through Biological Channels	453
	13.1 Introduction	453