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Digital Document Processing Major Directions and Recent Advances

:	B. Chaudhuri
:	Bidyut B. Chaudhuri
:	Digital Document Processing Major Directions and Recent Advances
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781846287268
:	Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
:	1
:	CHF 135.30
:

:	Anwendungs-Software
:	English

:	464
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book brings all the major and frontier topics in the field of document analysis together into a single volume, creating a unique reference source that will be invaluable to a large audience of researchers, lecturers and students working in this field. With chapters written by some of the most distinguished researchers active in this field, this book addresses recent advances in digital document processing research and development.

	Preface	6
	Contents	8
	Contributors	17
	1 Reading Systems: An Introduction to Digital Document Processing	20
	1.1 Introduction	20
	1.2 Text Sensing	22
	1.3 Sensor Scope	22
	1.4 Sensor Grid	25
	1.5 Pre-processing	25
	1.6 Invariance to Affine Transforms	26
	1.7 Invariance to Ink-Trace Thickness	28
	1.8 Shape Features	29
	1.9 Processing Type	31
	1.10 Computing Architecture	32
	1.11 Computing Strategy	32
	1.12 Knowledge Base	33
	1.13 Cognitive Reliability	34
	1.14 Response in Case of Difficult Input	34
	1.15 Classification Accuracy	35
	1.16 Energy and Mental Concentration	36
	1.17 Processing Speed	36
	1.18 Volume Processing	36
	1.19 Summary of Human Versus Machine Reading	37
	1.20 Conclusion	45
	References	45
	2 Document Structure and Layout Analysis	48
	2.1 Introduction	48
	2.2 Pre-processing	50
	2.3 Representing Document Structure and Layout	53
	2.4 Document Layout Analysis	55
	2.5 Understanding Document Structure	61
	2.6 Performance Evaluation	62
	2.7 Handwritten Document Analysis	64
	2.8 Summary	65
	References	66
	3 OCR Technologies for Machine Printed and Hand Printed Japanese Text	68
	3.1 Introduction	68
	3.2 Pre-Processing	68
	3.3 Feature Extraction	77
	3.4 Classification	80
	3.5 Dimension Reduction	82
	3.6 Performance Evaluation of OCR Technologies	83
	3.7 Learning Algorithms	86
	3.8 Conclusion	88
	References	89
	4 Multi-Font Printed Tibetan OCR	91
	4.1 Introduction	91
	4.2 Properties of Tibetan Characters and Scripts	92
	4.3 Isolated Tibetan Character Recognition	96
	4.4 Tibetan Document Segmentation	106
	4.5 Experiment Results	112
	4.6 Summary	114
	Acknowledgments	114
	References	114
	5 On OCR of a Printed Indian Script	117
	5.1 Introduction	117
	5.2 Origin and Properties of Indian Scripts	118
	5.3 Document Pre-Processing	122
	5.4 Character Recognition	125
	5.5 Performance Analysis	132
	5.6 Conclusion	135
	Acknowledgments	135
	References	136
	6 A Bayesian Network Approach for On-line Handwriting Recognition	138
	6.1 Introduction	138
	6.2 Modelling of Character Components and Their Relationships	141
	6.3 Recognition and Training Algorithms	147
	6.4 Experimental Results and Analysis	149
	6.5 Conclusions	156
	References	157
	7 New Advances and New Challenges in On- Line Handwriting Recognition and Electronic Ink Management	159
	7.1 Introduction	159
	7.2 On-Line Handwriting Recognition Systems	160
	7.3 New Trends in On-Line Handwriting Recognition	160
	7.4 New Trends in Electronic Ink Management Systems	164
	7.5 Conclusion, Open Problems and New Challenges	172
	References	173
	8 Off-Line Roman Cursive Handwriting Recognition	181
	8.1 Introduction	181
	8.2 Methodology	182
	8.3 Emerging Topics	187
	8.4 Outlook and Conclusions	191
	Acknowledgment	192
	References	192
	9 Robustness Design of Industrial Strength Recognition Systems	200
	9.1 Characterization of Robustness	200
	9.2 Complex Recognition System: Postal Address Recognition	202
	9.3 Performance Influencing Factors	204
	9.4 Robustness Design Principles	209
	9.5 Robustness Strategy for Implementation	218
	9.6 Conclusions	224
	Acknowledgments	224
	References	225
	10 Arabic Cheque Processing System: Issues and Future Trends	228
	10.1 Introduction	228
	10.2 Datasets	229
	10.3 Legal Amount Processing	230
	10.4 Courtesy Amount Processing	237
	10.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective	245
	References	247
	11 OCR of Printed Mathematical Expressions	250
	11.1 Introduction	250
	11.2 Identification of Expressions in Document Images	252
	11.3 Recognition of Expression Symbols	256
	11.4 Interpretation of Expression Structure	260
	11.5 Performance Evaluation	266
	11.6 Conclusion and Future Research	270
	References	271
	12 The State of the Art of Document Image Degradation Modelling	275
	12.1 Introduction	275
	12.2 Document Image Degradations	276
	12.3 The Measurement of Image Quality	278
	12.4 Document Image Degradation Models	280
	12.5 Applications of Models	284
	12.6 Public-Domain Software and Image Databases	286
	12.7 Open Problems	287
	Acknowledgments	289
	References	289
	13 Advances in Graphics Recognition	294
	13.1 Introduction	294
	13.2 Application Scenarios	297
	13.3 Early Processing	300
	13.4 Symbol Recognition and Indexing	301
	13.5 Architectures and Meta-data Modelling	302
	13.6 On-Line Graphics Recognition and Sketching Interfaces	304
	13.7 Performance Evaluation	306
	13.8 An Application Scenario: Interpretation of Architectural Sketches	307
	13.9 Conclusions: Sketching the Future	308
	Acknowledgment	310
	Reference