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Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Urban Areas

:	Alexander Baklanov, Sue Grimmond, Alexander Mahura, Maria Athanassiadou
:	Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Urban Areas
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783642002984
:	1
:	CHF 90.70
:

:	Sonstiges
:	English

:	184
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book for the first time gives an overall view of the current situation in urbanization of meteorological and air quality models around the world. It discusses and makes recommendations on the best practice and strategy for urbanization of different types of meteorological and air quality models.

Based on the selected presentations given at the COST728 workshop, the contributions are arranged in four parts: urban morphology and databases; parameterizations of urban canopy; strategy for urbanization of different types of models; and evaluation and city case studies / field studies. The chapters treat either dynamic (on wind and turbulent) and thermal effects (on temperature and energy in general). The final chapter of this volume summarizes the discussion and conclusions from the four main topics and provides recommendations and future requirements.

This monograph is oriented towards numerical weather prediction and air quality modelling communities.

	Introduction to the Problem and Aims	5
	References	8
	Contents	10
	Contributors	13
	Part I Urban Morphology and Databases	17
	1 Facilitating Advanced Urban Meteorology and Air Quality Modelling Capabilities with High Resolution Urban Database and Access Portal Tools	18
	1.1 Introduction	18
	1.2 Approach	19
	1.3 Features of Nudapt	20
	1.3.1 Morphology Databases and Urban Canopy Parameters (UCP)	20
	1.3.2 Relevant Ancillary Data	21
	1.3.3 NUDAPT Design Concept	21
	1.4 Discussion and Summary	22
	2 Relating Small-Scale Emission and Concentration Variability in Air Quality Models	25
	2.1 Introduction	25
	2.2 Formulation	26
	2.3 Methodology	26
	2.4 Results	28
	2.5 Conclusions	31
	2.6 Appendix: Other Closures Used for Prognostic Equation for the Variance of Pollutant Concentration	31
	3 Performance of Different Sub-Grid-Scale Surface Flux Parameterizations for Urban and Rural Areas	34
	3.1 Introduction	34
	3.2 Methodology	35
	3.2.1 Model Set-Up	35
	3.2.2 Simulated Situations	37
	3.2.3 Result Evaluation	37
	3.3 Results and Discussion	38
	3.4 Conclusions	39
	Part II Parameterizations of Urban Canopy	41
	4 How to Use Computational Fluid Dynamics Models for Urban Canopy Parameterizations	42
	4.1 Introduction	42
	4.2 Averaging Schemes in Mesoscale Models	43
	4.3 The Role of CFD Models	44
	4.4 An Example	46
	4.5 Conclusions	46
	5 Review of Japanese Urban Models and a Scale ModelExperiment	49
	5.1 Urban Models Developed in Japan	49
	5.1.1 Simple Urban Canopy Models in Japan	49
	5.1.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics Models in Japan	50
	5.2 Scale Model Experiments	51